一维纳米凹凸棒石对聚羟基脂肪酸酯的增强改性及性能研究
Enhanced Modification and Performance Study of Polyhydroxyalkanoates by One-dimensional Nano-attapulgite
为解决聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)力学强度低、热稳定性差及阻燃性不足的问题,文章采用熔融共混法制备改性一维纳米凹凸棒石(ATP)增强PHA复合材料,系统研究ATP含量对PHA/ATP复合材料微观形貌、结晶行为、热稳定性、力学性能及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:适量的改性ATP在PHA基体中分散均匀,界面结合紧密,无明显团聚现象。ATP具有显著的异相成核作用,使PHA冷结晶温度降低11.2 ℃,结晶度从21.3%提升至29.7%。当ATP质量分数为4.0%时,PHA/ATP复合材料的初始分解温度较PHA提高12.8 ℃。当ATP质量分数为2.0%时,PHA/ATP复合材料的力学性能最优。当ATP质量分数为8.0%时,PHA/ATP复合材料的极限氧指数从19.2%提升至26.8%,垂直燃烧等级达到V-1级。热释放速率、总热释放量及总烟释放量均随ATP含量的增加呈降低趋势。研究表明,适量改性ATP能够通过微观增强、异相成核及催化成炭的协同作用全面提升PHA的综合性能。
To address the issues of low mechanical strength, poor thermal stability, and insufficient flame retardancy of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), the study prepared modified one-dimensional nano-attapulgite (ATP) reinforced PHA composites via melt blending, and systematically investigated the effects of ATP content on the microstructure, crystallization behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of the PHA/ATP composites. The results showed that an appropriate amount of modified ATP dispersed uniformly in the PHA matrix, with tight interfacial bonding and no obvious agglomeration. ATP exhibited a significant heterogeneous nucleation effect, which reduced the cold crystallization temperature of PHA by 11.2 ℃ and increased the crystallinity from 21.3% to 29.7%. When the ATP mass fraction reached 4.0%, the initial decomposition temperature of the PHA/ATP composite increased by 12.8 ℃ compared to that of PHA. The optimal mechanical properties of the PHA/ATP composites were achieved at an ATP mass fraction of 2.0%. When the ATP mass fraction reached 8.0%, the limiting oxygen index of the composites increased from 19.2% to 26.8%, and the vertical burning test reached a V-1 rating. The heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release all showed a decreasing trend with increasing ATP content. The study demonstrated that an appropriate amount of modified ATP could comprehensively enhance the overall performance of PHA through the synergistic effects of micro-reinforcement, heterogeneous nucleation, and catalytic char formation.
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河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(252102220121)
河南省智能制造产业学院项目(YYSFZD2501)
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