离子凝胶在可穿戴传感纺织品中的应用研究进展
Application Research Progress of Ionogels in Wearable Sensing Textiles
离子凝胶可以调控离子电导率,具有较高的柔韧性,可用于制备可穿戴传感纺织品。制备的可穿戴传感纺织品因舒适透气、柔韧贴合且信号实时响应等优点,在医疗健康、人机交互、功能防护等领域具有较大的应用潜力。离子凝胶由具生物相容性的聚合物交联骨架与离子载体构成,可以利用构成设计、填料添加或微观结构优化电学性能、力学性能及稳定性。在离子凝胶的制备工艺中,溶液浇注与光固化工艺适于小规模生产,湿法纺丝工艺能够促进纤维产业化,静电纺丝工艺适于制备高透气贴肤膜,双网络工艺能够提升抗疲劳性,但各工艺均存在一定的局限。将离子凝胶制备的可穿戴传感纺织品应用于医疗领域,具备温度及应变双模监测能力,但集成难度高,稳定性不足;应用于人机交互领域,可满足柔性触控需求,但驱动效率较低,易受干扰;应用于功能防护领域,能够起到抗冲击、热管理及紫外线屏蔽防护作用,但需要兼顾防护性与贴合性。未来,研究重点应集中在多功能离子凝胶的开发,制备能够融合能量收集与AI自供能的智能穿戴传感纺织品,解决目前环境稳定性差、耐久性不足及信号串扰的问题。
Ionogels can regulate ionic conductivity and possess high flexibility, making them suitable for the fabrication of wearable sensing textiles. The wearable sensor textiles produced offer significant potential for application in fields such as healthcare, human-computer interaction and functional protection, owing to their comfort, breathability, flexibility, form-fitting and real-time signal response. Ionogels are composed of a biocompatible polymer crosslinked framework and an ionic carrier, and their electrical, mechanical, and stability properties can be optimized through compositional design, filler addition, or microstructural. Among the preparation processes for ionogels, solution casting and photocuring are suitable for small-scale production; wet spinning facilitates fiber industrialization; electrospinning is well-suited for preparing highly breathable and skin-conforming films; and the dual-network process enhances fatigue resistance. However, each process has certain limitations. When applied in the medical field, wearable sensing textiles based on ionogels offer dual-mode monitoring capabilities for temperature and strain, but they face challenges such as high integration difficulty and insufficient stability. In human-machine interaction, they can meet the demands for flexible touch control, yet their actuation efficiency remains low and they are susceptible to interference. For functional protection applications, they provide impact resistance, thermal management, and UV shielding, but a trade-off between protection and conformability must be addressed. In the future, research efforts should focus on the development of multifunctional ionogels, the fabrication of intelligent wearable sensing textiles that integrate energy harvesting and AI-driven self-powering, and the resolution of current issues including poor environmental stability, insufficient durability, and signal crosstalk.
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河南省高等学校人文社会科学研究一般项目(2027-ZDJH-274)
河南科技职业大学教改一般项目(HKZDJGB2024045)
河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2024SJGLX0629)
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