Objective To reveal the spatial-temporal pattern and driving mechanism of the green transformation of cultivated land use in the Poyang Lake Plain, and to provide a theoretical reference for achieving green and sustainable use of cultivated land. Methods Taking 29 counties in the Poyang Lake Plain as examples, the CRITIC-entropy method was used to comprehensively assign weights to evaluation indicators of the green transformation of cultivated land use. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient and bivariate local spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to reveal their trade-off and synergy characteristics. A spatial econometric regression model was applied to explore the driving mechanism of the green transformation of cultivated land use. Results (1) During the study period, the spatial, functional and mode transformation indices of cultivated land use showed varying degrees of growth, with the comprehensive transformation index increasing by 14.33%. Spatially, this exhibited a ‘high in the middle and low in the periphery’ clustering pattern. (2) Spatial transformation and functional transformation showed H-H and L-L synergies, and the synergies were slightly weakened. Spatial transformation and mode transformation exhibited H-L and L-H trade-offs, with reduced trade-off relationships. Functional transformation and mode transformation exhibited H-L and L-H trade-offs, with enhanced trade-off relationships. (3) Agricultural output value per unit of land had a significant positive impact on the green transformation of cultivated land use, while factors such as water network density, urbanization rate of permanent residents, urban-rural residents' disposable income, and the distance between cultivated land and construction land showed significant negative impacts. Conclusion The green transformation of cultivated land use in the Poyang Lake Plain shows a positive development trend. However, contradictions in the transformation remain prominent. Future efforts should focus on enhancing cultivated land protection and management and promoting green agricultural production.
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