Objective To construct an ecological security pattern in rapidly urbanized areas based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services and land use changes, so as to provide a scientific basis for territorial space optimization. Methods Taking Jiangyin City as the study area, the ecological security pattern was constructed by calculating the levels of ecosystem service supply and demand, in combination with land use change prediction. Results (1) The supply of ecosystem services in Jiangyin City showed a spatial distribution pattern of “high in the south and low in the north”, while the demand presented a spatial distribution pattern of “high in the north and low in the south”, indicating a clear mismatch between supply and demand. (2) Land use changes in Jiangyin City were simulated using the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. In the later stage, changes mainly occurred around urban centers. The land use changes mainly involved the conversion of cropland and water area into construction land, with a net increase of 61.92 km2 of construction land, mainly concentrated in the southern and northeastern regions. (3) High-value areas of ecosystem service supply, excluding ecologically degraded areas, were identified as ecological sources. Ecosystem service demand was used to represent human activity interference and modify the resistance surface of landscape land types. Based on circuit theory, ecological corridors, and ecological nodes were identified. A total of 116 ecological sources, 210 ecological corridors, 80 ecological pinch points, 20 ecological barrier points, and 17 ecological break points were identified in Jiangyin City. (4) To improve regional ecological quality, Jiangyin City should strengthen the protection of ecological sources, maintain ecological corridors, and restore ecological nodes. Conclusion In rapidly urbanized areas, constructing an ecological security pattern considering the supply and demand of ecosystem services and land use changes can effectively safeguard regional ecological security and ecological well-being.
PLUS(Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation)是Liang等[30]提出的一种基于栅格数据的土地利用变化模拟模型。该模型保留了土地利用模拟模型的自适应惯性竞争和轮盘竞争机制的优点,采用随机森林算法逐一对各类土地利用扩张和驱动力的因素进行挖掘,能较好地解决已有元胞自动机模型在转化规则挖掘策略和景观动态变化模拟策略等方面存在的问题。因此,在自然环境与社会经济的共同影响下,PLUS模型由于其模拟精度高、景观格局指标更接近真实,可以更有效地处理土地利用管理中的复杂性和不确定性,已被用于土地覆盖变化模拟、土地利用变化规律挖掘、生态安全预警等领域的研究。PLUS模型主要包括两个模块:
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