Objective Under the background of territorial spatial planning, optimizing land use patterns to enhance ecological resilience holds significant importance for promoting high-quality development in Jiangxi Province. Methods Based on the resistance-adaptability-resilience framework, the GMOP-PLUS model was employed to analyze and project the spatiotemporal variations of ecological resilience in Jiangxi Province from 2000 to 2035, and the geodetector was used to explore the driving factors of ecological resilience. Results (1) From 2000 to 2020, construction land in Jiangxi Province increased the most, expanding by 2 578.50 km2, while forest, grassland, and cultivated land showed declining trends. By 2035, land use changes basically continued the trend from 2000 to 2020, with a decrease in cultivated land and an increase in water bodies and construction land. Variations in grassland and forest differed. Under the economic development scenario, grassland area increased most significantly (2 127.96 km2), while under the ecological protection scenario, forest area expanded the most (6 137.82 km2). (2) From 2000 to 2020, ecological resilience in Jiangxi Province generally declined, with the average value decreasing from 0.432 4 to 0.427 9, showing a spatial pattern of “high around the periphery and low in the center” and clustering characteristics. Compared to other scenarios, ecological resilience under the ecological protection scenario in 2035 improved most significantly, increasing by 6.59% compared to 2020. (3) From 2000 to 2020, the spatial differentiation of ecological resilience was mainly influenced by elevation (X1), human impact index (X7), and slope (X2), with average q values of 0.396 0, 0.283 6, and 0.117 8, respectively. Interaction results showed that the interaction between X1 and X7 had the most significant effect, with a q value of 0.708 0. Conclusion Ecological resilience varies greatly within Jiangxi Province and has generally declined in recent years. Future land management can adopt a coordinated economic and ecological development model to achieve sustainable development goals.
基于此,本文采用“抵抗力—适应力—恢复力”构建格网尺度下的生态韧性评价模型,利用GIS分析法和空间自相关模型分析了江西省生态韧性的时空变化格局和聚类特征。在《江西省国土空间规划(2021—2035)》政策的基础上设置土地利用模拟约束条件,采用GMOP (Grey Multi-Objective Optimi-zation)模型建立目标函数,求得该目标下土地利用需求最优解,较为准确地获取未来2035年用地的目标参数,进而利用PLUS (Patch-generating Land Use Simulation)模型[21]模拟出2035年自然发展、经济发展和生态保护3种情景下的生态韧性水平。最后,利用地理探测器模型揭示生态韧性发展过程中的不同驱动因子的影响,为提高城市生态可持续性提供科学依据。
本文基于抵抗力—适应力—恢复力[23]构建江西省生态韧性的研究框架。选取生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value, ESV)对生态系统抵抗力进行评估,基于谢高地等[24]的全国标准当量因子表,结合江西省2000—2020年主要农作物(水稻、豆类和薯类)的播种面积、产量和平均粮食单价,采用粮食产量法(即1当量因子的价值量为单位粮食作物产值的1/7)计算得出研究区单位当量因子的价值量为1 649.76元/hm2,通过标准当量因子和研究区单位面积粮食作物的产值,将其修正至江西省水平;生态系统适应力反映了生态系统维持其内部结构稳定的能力,选取景观干扰度(负向指标)和生境质量(正向指标)来描述;生态弹性模型用来衡量生态系统恢复力,体现生态系统遭受危害而恢复原样的能力与潜力。首先将所有指标根据其正、负属性进行归一化处理,其中景观干扰度和生境质量以等权重的方式叠加,最后将3个目标层纳入生态韧性综合评价模型,具体公式及描述详见表2。
PLUS模型基于2015年和2020年江西省土地利用数据,通过斑块模拟方法生成土地利用变化数据,主要分为2个模块构成:用地扩张分析策略(Land Expansion Analysis Strategy, LEAS)和基于多类随机斑块种子的CA模型(Cellular Automata model based on multi-type Random Seeds, CARS)。其中LEAS模块采用随机森林回归,将高程、坡度、距道路距离(国道、省道、县道、铁路、高速公路和城市道路)、POI密度、人口密度、夜间灯光共计11个因素纳入PLUS模型训练,其参数设置参考相似区域研究[28]:均匀采样,回归树数量为50,特征数为16,采样率为0.01。CARS模块的参数包括:领域效应默认值为3,衰减阈值为0.5,扩散系数为0.1,生成新种子数量的最大阈值为0.000 1。为进一步验证模型精准度,将模拟2020年土地利用格局与实际2020年土地利用格局进行比对。结果表明(图1),总体精度(Overall Accuracy, OA)为0.863 6,模拟精度较好。因此,本文以GMOP模型计算的2035年不同情景的土地利用数量为依据,利用PLUS模型进一步预测2035年不同情景下的土地利用空间变化。
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