Objective A scientific understanding of the characteristics and formation mechanism of the territorial spatial pattern in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle is vital for promoting the high-quality territorial spatial development in the core area of the national strategic region. Methods The transfer matrix of territorial space, standard deviation ellipse method, and geodetector model were employed to analyze the evolution characteristics of the territorial spatial pattern in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle from 2000 to 2020 and to reveal its formation mechanism. Results (1) The horizontal and vertical gradients of territorial space showed significant differentiation in the study area. (2) The living space expanded by 1 814.3 km², while the ecological and production spaces decreased by 2 752.56 km² and 917.46 km², respectively. A significant synergistic relationship was observed between the expansion of urban living space, rural living space, and industrial and mining production space, and the reduction of agricultural production space. (3) Agricultural production space experienced severe loss, while urban and rural living spaces showed significant clustering trends. (4) Terrain relief, average annual precipitation, and administrative area were found to have significant effects on the formation of the territorial spatial pattern, while the total railway mileage, GDP per capita, and population density played significant driving roles in its evolution. Conclusion Over the past two decades, the evolution of the territorial spatial pattern in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle has been shaped by the interaction between regional background factors and external social factors, demonstrating both bifactor and nonlinear enhancement.
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