Objective To explore the applicability of SCS model for surface runoff simulation in the river basins in Qinling Mountains and provide technical support for surface runoff estimation in these basins. Methods Using observed runoff data from 103 rainfall events in 2011, the Curve Number (CN) was optimized using two methods: simulation using observed data-based formula and a multiple regression model. Then, the accuracy of the surface runoff inverted from the optimized CN was analyzed. Results (1) The hydrological soil type in the study area was loam. Land use was dominated by deciduous broad-leaved forest, covering 61.85% of the study area. The soil moisture level was mainly dry throughout the year, with a proportion as high as 76.70%. The CN values showed significant correlations with both current rainfall amount and rainfall amount in the previous five days. (2) CN values simulated using the observed data-based formula exhibited significantly higher accuracy compared to those obtained by direct table lookup or multiple regression model. Moreover, data errors were all within available ranges. (3) The simulation accuracy of samples with large runoff of rainfall events was lower than that of samples with smaller surface runoff. Conclusion The application of the SCS model to surface runoff estimation in the region of Qinling Mountains is feasible, and the optimized CN values can provide support for the SCS model in surface runoff estimation in the Danjiang River Basin.
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