1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China
2.Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid;Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
Objective This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal differentiation of ecological risks in ecologically fragile regions, providing a scientific basis for ecological management and the realization of sustainable development goals in these regions. Methods A new ecological risk assessment method based on the “pattern-service-disaster” framework was proposed, emphasizing the synergy among landscape patterns (system structure), ecosystem services (system function), and natural disasters (external disturbances). Using Yanchi County in Ningxia as a case study, a comprehensive ecological risk assessment model from a ternary perspective was constructed. Results (1) Landscape pattern risk initially decreased due to grassland restoration policies, but later slightly increased due to urbanization-driven landscape fragmentation. (2) Ecosystem service risk decreased significantly, shifting from high-risk dominance in 2000 to low-risk dominance in 2023. (3) Natural disaster risk exhibited localized fluctuations, with high-risk areas concentrated in the southern loess hilly region prone to drought-flood transitions. (4) The comprehensive ecological risk index decreased from 0.531 4 to 0.460 3, with 85.85% of the study area showing reduced ecological risk levels compared to those 23 years ago. Spatially, high-risk areas were concentrated in the northwestern desertified grasslands and southern loess hilly areas, while low-risk areas were mainly located in the central and eastern regions benefiting from intensive ecological restoration and nature reserves. Conclusion Yanchi County has achieved a significant reduction in ecological risk over the past 23 years. The comprehensive ecological risk assessment model that fully considers the ecosystem structure, functions, and external disturbances in ecologically fragile regions can more comprehensively reflect the region-specific dynamics of ecological risk.
宁夏盐池县隶属我国北方农牧交错带,是典型的生态脆弱区[20],该地特殊的自然本底条件与剧烈的人地交互作用使之成为人地耦合系统研究的焦点区域。20多年来,盐池县虽通过实施退耕还林、禁牧封育等生态政策实现了沙漠化的逆转,但其生态环境仍具有突出的脆弱性与敏感性特征。作为黄河流域生态屏障的关键节点,其生态系统面临三重风险压力:一是历史遗留的荒漠化问题,虽经生态工程治理实现局部逆转,但生态脆弱本底未根本改变;二是人类活动导致的生态空间挤压,景观连通性降低[8];三是其特殊地质结构与气候条件加剧“旱涝急转”灾害链的发生。这些问题的交织使得现有生态风险评价模型难以支撑生态脆弱区生态风险精准管理决策,主要表现为分析维度的单一以及对不同地域评估方法的机械套用,缺乏对区域差异性与系统性的全面考量。因此,本研究为突破以往研究的局限,通过强调景观格局、生态系统服务、自然灾害三者的相互作用关系,建立多源数据驱动的盐池县区域生态风险三元协同评价框架,以期对盐池县乃至我国实现联合国可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs)中“陆地生态”(SDG15)与“气候行动”(SDG13)目标的协同推进提供研究思路。
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