Objective This study clarifies the multi-type relationships between ecosystem services (ES) and resident well-being in the Yellow River Basin and their driving factors, aiming to provide scientific references for promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Methods Taking the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin as a case study, spatial autocorrelation, coupling coordination degree, and relative development degree were employed to measure the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of multi-type relationships between ecosystem services and resident well-being from 2000 to 2022. A random forest model was used to investigate the differences in driving factors among these three types of relationships, and differentiated spatial governance strategies were proposed based on zoning. Results (1) The ecosystem service value in the study area showed a slight fluctuating decline, with a spatial distribution pattern of higher values in the southwest and lower values in the northeast. Meanwhile, the resident well-being index showed a fluctuating upward trend, exhibiting a spatial distribution pattern characterized by three core-driven areas with two wings lagging behind, and regional disparities gradually narrowed. (2) The spatial association between ecosystem services and well-being gradually transitioned from significantly positive clustering to random distribution, with low—low (L—L) pattern clustering observed in the agricultural area of the northeastern plain. The coupling coordination degree gradually improved, exhibiting a spatial pattern of higher values in the southwest and lower values in the northeast. The relative development state demonstrated non-equilibrium state, gradually evolving toward a positive interactive trajectory. (3) The driving factors of multi-type relationships between ecosystem services and well-being exhibited notable similarities and differences. Terrain undulation played a decisive role, while other factors had varying emphases. (4) The combinations of multi-type relationships between ecosystem services and well-being exhibited spatial heterogeneity. Conclusion The multi-type relationships between ecosystem services and well-being, along with their driving factors, show pronounced spatial differences in the study area. It is essential to focus on the region′s core conflicts and develop differentiated governance strategies, thereby achieving sustainable development of the human-land system through coordinated optimization of these multidimensional relationships.
本文采用谢高地提出的当量因子法评估黄河流域(河南段)生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value, ESV)[17]。根据土地利用类型将研究区生态系统划分为耕地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地、未利用地6种用地类型,并以2015年改进的中国不同生态系统单位面积ESV当量表为依据[18],计算黄河流域(河南段)ESV(表1)。其中耕地当量对应农田当量,单位面积耕地ESV取粮食单产市场价值的1/7,以此作为耕地ESV系数。结合黄河流域(河南段)的农作物具体情况,选取稻谷、小麦、大豆和玉米作为主要粮食作物。林地当量对应森林当量,未利用地对应荒漠当量,草地水域分别取对应当量,默认建设用地不提供ESV[18]。
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