1.The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences;and Ministry of Education,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese;Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
4.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
5.Upper and Middle Yellow River Bureau,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Xi′an 710021,China
Objective To reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of desertification areas in China′s Four Major Sandy Lands and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the ecological effectiveness of desertification control and prevention projects in China. Methods Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) remote sensing cloud computing platform and Landsat satellite imagery, the desertification difference index (DDI) was constructed by analyzing the feature space between surface Albedo and the modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), and the dynamic changes in desertification area in the Four Major Sandy Lands in China from 1986 to 2023 were investigated. Results From 1986 to 2023, desertification areas in the Horqin, Hunshandake, and Mu Us Sandy Lands decreased by approximately 1 400 km2, 2 000 km2, and 4 000 km2, with reduction rates of 26%, 22%, and 52%, respectively. The desertification area in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land expanded by about 6 500 km2, with an increase rate of 178%. In terms of spatial distribution, the areas showing improvement in desertification were mainly concentrated in the central-western Horqin Sandy Land, southeastern Mu Us Sandy Land, and southern Hunshandake Sandy Land, with Mu Us Sandy Land exhibiting the most significant achie-vement in desertification control. Conclusion Over the past four decades, desertification in China′s Four Major Sandy Lands has shown an overall trend of improvement, although local areas of degradation still exist. This indicates that the implementation of ecological restoration measures can effectively reduce desertification areas.
自三北防护林体系建设工程1978年启动,相继带动其他重大生态工程,也促进了区域生态建设。“三北”工程第三期(1996—2000年)提出到2000年在东北西部和内蒙古东部、黄土高原和毛乌素等重点扶持地区建成一批规模不等的区域性防护林体系;第四期(2001—2010年)主攻方向为防风治沙,加大对毛乌素、科尔沁、河西走廊等重点区域的治沙力度;第五期(2011—2020年)则重点进行防风固沙林、水土保持林等建设。根据纪平等[28]针对“三北”工程区第二阶段(2001—2020)生态效益的评估,通过气候条件与生态工程的协同作用,土壤风蚀模数降低46.49%,同时防风固沙量提升至24.96%,多期连续生态工程的实施成效显著,生态系统状况持续转好和保持稳定区域面积分别占比为21.95%和20.29%;“三北”工程建设40年间,防风固沙林面积扩张6.41×104 km2 (相对增长154.3%),水土保持林面积扩张1.19×105 km2 (相对增长69.2%),极重度和重度沙漠化面积分别减少3.97×104、9.19×103 km2,生态状况明显好转[29]。
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