Objective This study explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the slope-climbing phenomenon of construction land in the Hanjiang Ecological Economic Belt (HEEB) during the urbanization process, aiming to provide a scientific basis for territorial spatial planning, ecological protection, and disaster risk management in mountainous cities and towns. Methods Based on long-time series land use data (1985—2023) and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data, this study constructed the construction land slope spectrum and topographic slope spectrum. Using indicators such as construction land slope-climbing and the upper limit slope, it systematically analyzed the evolution characteristics of the construction land slope spectrum in HEEB and identified its slope-climbing phenomenon. Results (1) From 1985 to 2023, the expansion of construction land in HEEB exhibited three distinct stages: slow, accelerated, and rapid expansion. More than 90% of the construction land was distributed in areas with slopes ≤11° and the average slope showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with an overall declining trend. (2) There was a significant spatial differentiation in the annual average construction land climbing index (ACLCI) of construction land in HEEB (the Shaanxi section showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, the Henan section presented a continuous increasing trend, and the Hubei section demonstrated a trend of first decreasing and then increasing). However, the upper limit slope (ULS) of construction land in each section remained relatively stable. (3) The slope-climbing phenomenon of construction land at the county level in HEEB showed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The high slope-climbing counties were concentrated in eastern Ankang City, within the jurisdiction of Shiyan City, and around Nanyang City, with Maojian District in Shiyan City exhibiting the most significant slope-climbing intensity. The low slope-climbing counties were primarily distributed to the east of the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The peak number of horizontally-expanding counties was 61 during 1985—1995. The number of high-climbing counties reached a peak of 27 during 2005—2015, while the number of low-climbing counties was highest during 1995—2005 (29). (4) The slope-climbing phenomenon of construction land effectively protected production-ecological spaces in low-slope (≤6°) areas but might also exacerbate environmental risks in high-slope regions, including ecosystem degradation, increased soil erosion modulus, and heightened susceptibility to geological hazards. Conclusion The slope spectrum method can effectively identify the slope sensitivity of construction land expansion. It is suggested to optimize the territorial spatial layout of mountainous areas through differentiated slope management and control, and to further strengthen research on the linkage between ecological and economic risks in the future.
式中:CF i,LF i 分别为坡度i的建设用地面积占比和土地面积占比(%);i为坡度区间编号,i=0所对应的坡度为0°,i=1所对应的坡度为(0°,1°],以此类推;Ci,Li 分别为坡度i的建设用地面积和土地面积(km2);C,L分别为建设用地总面积和土地总面积(km2)。
此外,以坡度为横坐标、面积占比为纵坐标绘制坡谱曲线[5,7]。若LF i =CF i 时,意味着地形坡谱曲线与建设用地坡谱曲线相交,将此时坡度i记为拐点T;当LF i <CF i 时,表明坡度高于T的地形区域为建设用地分布的劣势区,反之为优势区[3,7]。同时,借助偏度系数(Sk)和峰度系数(Ku)来描述波谱曲线的分布特征[24]。
1.3.2 爬坡指数
为定量探究建设用地爬坡强度,利用某一时段内建设用地分布的优势区面积占比变化计算爬坡指数(Construction Land Climbing Index, CLCI)[7,16-17],公式为:
式中:CLCI为建设用地爬坡指数;CT m,CT n 分别为m,n年建设用地在高于坡度拐点T的总面积(km2);Cm,Cn 分别为m,n年建设用地总面积(km2); Average Construction Land Climbing Index (ACLCI)为(m-n)年建设用地的平均爬坡指数,若ACLCI>0,表明建设用地出现爬坡现象,且ACLCI越大爬坡程度越强烈。
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