Objective This study aims to explore the distribution of vegetation communities and their landscape patterns in the oasis-desert transition zone, clarify their influence on the spatial differentiation of soil nutrients, and provide a theoretical basis for the vegetation planting methods in arid desert areas. Methods The oasis-desert transition zone at the southern edge of the Tengger Desert was taken as the study area, and the landscape pattern index was extracted based on unmanned aerial vehicle imagery. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the characteristics of soil nutrient heterogeneity, and bivariate spatial autocorrelation and Pearson correlation analysis were also applied to quantitatively investigate the effects of vegetation communities and their landscape patterns on the spatial differentiation of soil nutrient content. Results (1) The spatial differentiation of soil available potassium and total nitrogen in the study area was influenced by both structural and random factors, but the influence of structural factors was greater than that of random factors; the spatial differentiation of soil organic matter and available phosphorus was mainly influenced by random factors. (2) The spatial distribution characteristics of the four soil nutrients were different: soil available potassium, total nitrogen and available phosphorus showed a distribution pattern of high in the middle and low in the surrounding area, organic matter showed an increasing trend from northwest to southeast, and the communities in the high-value areas of soil nutrients were different, which suggested that there was a certain relationship between different vegetation communities and soil nutrients. (3) The internal differences in the response of soil nutrient to vegetation communities were large, among which the white thorn community and soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium were all in high-high clustering, indicating that the community containing white thorns would be favorable to the recovery of local sandy soils. (4) The indices characterizing landscape aggregation and dispersion had the greatest influence on soil nutrient content, indicating that more contiguous vegetation communities would result in relatively high soil nutrient content. Conclusion The distribution of vegetation communities and their landscape patterns in the oasis-desert transition zone have a significant impact on the spatial differentiation of soil nutrients. In the future, vegetation in desert areas should be rationally planted to improve the soil nutrient content.
2024年8月植被生长季期间,采用DJI Air 2S无人机(2 000万像素CMOS传感器)在样地进行数据采集。利用Litchi for DJ Drone软件将飞行高度设置20 m,相片重叠度设定为相邻航线重叠度80%,同航线重叠80%。为了易于后续无人机图像拼接,在样地的4个角及中心布设控制点,拍摄完合成后用手持GPS对调查地点定位,确定坐标点的点位信息,将坐标点导入ArcGIS软件,创建点图层。根据航拍底图和样方点位GPS信息绘制植被群落矢量图(图1A)。
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