Objective This study examines soil erosion and its spatiotemporal evolution in the Panxi Dry Valley and simulates future land use under the framework of regional principal functional zoning policies, providing forward-looking theoretical support for the construction of the “Second Granary of Tianfu” and promoting coordinated ecological protection and regional development. Methods Using the Panxi Dry Valley as a case study, a coupled MCCA-CSLE-LMDI model was constructed based on land use changes from 2010 to 2023 to predict the land use patterns and soil erosion evolution for 2035 under natural development and policy-oriented scenarios. Results (1) The results indicated that from 2010 to 2023, forest, cropland and grassland collectively accounted for over 95% of land use, with a predominance of ecological and agricultural functions, while construction land and water bodies continued to expand. (2) Between 2023 and 2035, under the natural development scenario, construction land was projected to increase by 255.04 km2 and cropland to decrease by 42.49 km2, whereas under the policy-oriented scenario, construction land expanded by only 80.57 km2 and cropland increased by 72.82 km2. (3) The overall soil erosion modulus decreased, with the policy-oriented scenario exhibiting a 0.829 t/(hm2 · a) lower soil erosion modulus than the natural scenario, an increase of 158.86 km2 in micro-erosion areas, and a reduction of 329.89 km2 in severely eroded zones. (4) According to the LMDI decomposition, the suppressed areas of the B, E and T factors under the policy-oriented scenario reached 29 343.05, 27 342.16 and 29 612.16 km2, respectively, which were significantly better than those under the natural scenario. Conclusion In the Panxi Dry Valley, soil erosion under the policy-oriented scenario is predominantly slight with an increasing proportion of affected area, while severe and higher erosion zones are markedly reduced. Compared with the natural development scenario, it more effectively mitigates erosion intensity, indicating that policy regulation plays a vital role in safeguarding farmland security and advancing the construction of the “Second Granary of Tianfu”.
本质上,土壤侵蚀是土地利用变化驱动下的生态响应过程[4]。土地利用/覆盖变化(Land Use and Cover Change, LUCC)通过改变植被覆盖度、地表形态及土地管理方式,影响地表产流与泥沙输移路径,直接决定侵蚀强度及其空间分布格局。作为自然环境与人类活动共同作用的结果,LUCC被广泛视为土壤侵蚀演变的核心驱动力[5-6]。
近年来,土壤侵蚀强度及其时空分布的定量模拟成为生态环境研究的重要方向,众多模型被广泛应用于相关分析与预测。传统的通用土壤流失方程(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, RUSLE)在全球范围内具有较强的适用性,但其参数设定与模型结构难以充分反映中国多样的自然条件和水土保持实践[7]。为提升本土适应性,中国土壤侵蚀模型(Chinese Soil Loss Equation, CSLE)在RUSLE基础上引入植被覆盖措施因子(B)、水土保持工程措施因子(E)和水土保持耕作措施因子(T),更加贴合中国国情,已被广泛用于不同区域的土壤侵蚀评估与情景预测[8]。值得注意的是,土壤侵蚀不仅受当前土地利用格局的影响,LUCC还通过其滞后性与累积效应对侵蚀过程产生深远影响。单一时间截面的分析难以揭示其动态演变特征,未来情景下的LUCC模拟已成为土壤侵蚀研究的关键环节[9]。当前常用的元胞自动机(Cellular Automata, CA)模型,如FLUS,CLUE-S,CA-Markov和PLUS等[10-12],虽能模拟多因子驱动下的土地利用变化过程,但在驱动因子识别、自然用地斑块动态表达等方面仍存在不足,难以满足土壤侵蚀长期演化分析的需求[13]。在此背景下,MCCA模型因具备刻画土地利用非线性演变机制的能力而受到关注[14]。结合灰色多目标优化(Grey Multi-Objective Optimization, GMOP)后,MCCA模型不仅能够将国土空间规划政策所体现的地域主体功能差异纳入模拟过程,还能在发展概率约束下自动生成更具现实性的用地斑块,实现对土地利用动态变化的精细表达[15]。该模型已广泛应用于情景模拟与生态过程预测研究,为开展LUCC驱动下的土壤侵蚀动态模拟提供了可靠的方法支撑。
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