Impact of multi-generation continuous planting on soil organic carbon fractions and carbon pool management index in different soil layers of Eucalyptus plantations
1.Guangxi Research and Development Center for New Forestry Fertilizer/Guangxi Forestry Laboratory,Guangxi;Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Science Research Institute,Nanning 530002,China
2.Guangxi Gaofeng State Owned;Forest Farm,Nanning 530025,China
3.Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China
Objective This study aims to reveal the differentiation mechanisms of soil organic carbon components along the soil profile under multi-generation continuous planting of Eucalyptus plantations, thereby providing theoretical support for sustainable management strategies to mitigate the decline in site productivity caused by continuous planting. Methods Using a space-for-time substitution approach, a total of 203 sampling points were established in the first-generation (T1), second-generation (T2), and third-generation (T3) Eucalyptus plantations, along with Pinus massoniana forests (CK) as a control in Guangxi Gaofeng State Owned Forest Farm. Soil pH value, organic matter, nutrient elements, and carbon fractions—including soil total organic carbon (TOC), soil easily oxidized carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and other carbon fractions—were analyzed in the 0—20 cm and 20—40 cm soil layers. The carbon pool management index (CPMI) was introduced to assess soil carbon pool quality. Results (1) With increasing continuous planting generations, the TOC and EOC contents in the 0—20 cm soil layer decreased significantly (TOC: 14.43~10.17 g/kg; EOC: 3.32~3.11 g/kg), and the DOC content was highest in the T2 (0.44 g/kg), which was significantly higher than in the CK (0.24 g/kg). In the 20—40 cm soil layer, TOC also showed a decreasing trend (7.01~5.37 g/kg), but the differences between EOC and DOC were not significant. (2) The CPMI of the 0—20 cm soil layer in the continuous planting stands (69.33~77.87) was significantly lower than that of the CK (100.0), while the CPMI of the 20—40 cm soil layer decreased with the increase of planting generations (T1→T3: 172.16→120.05), indicating that the quality of the surface soil carbon pool was degraded by continuous planting, and the carbon activity in the subsoil was more significantly affected by the planting generations. (3) Redundancy analysis showed that TOC in the 0—20 cm soil layer was mainly driven by total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM), DOC was positively correlated with Fe and total phosphorus (TP) content, and EOC was positively correlated with Zn and Cu. TOC in the 20—40 cm soil layer was significantly affected by available nitrogen (AN) and OM, while DOC showed strong correlations with Cu and Mg. Conclusion Multi-generation continuous planting of Eucalyptus leads to a decline in the stability of soil organic carbon pools. Carbon pool management should consider generational differences and soil layer characteristics to optimize fertilization and litter management. It is recommended to take reasonable measures such as mixed planting, rotation, and fertilization management to maintain and enhance soil carbon storage and quality.
土壤碳库管理指数(Carbon Pool Management Index, CPMI)[15]则体现了有机碳库中各组分在量和质上的变化特征,被认为是评估土壤质量和土地管理的关键指标,较单一活性有机碳指标具有更高的生态敏感性。这一特性使其成为评估土壤质量演变和土地管理效应的关键诊断工具:CPMI值的正向增长表征土壤碳库稳定性增强和生态功能提升,而负向变化则揭示土壤肥力退化过程。碳库管理指数在土壤质量评价中的应用具有重要意义,它可以帮助我们更好地理解土壤有机碳的动态变化及其影响因素,为土壤管理和优化营林措施提供科学依据。近年来,关于碳库管理指数的研究逐渐增多,主要集中在不同生态恢复模式、氮沉降条件下、外源有机物添加[16]、不同土地利用方式[17]、不同还田方式等[18]方面。这些研究结果表明,碳库管理指数能够敏感地反映土壤有机碳的动态变化及其影响因素[19],为土壤管理和优化营林措施提供科学依据。然而,关于多代连栽对桉树人工林不同土层土壤有机碳组分特征及碳库管理指数的影响研究相对较少,特别是多代连栽这一特殊经营模式对土壤碳库的深层影响机制尚未阐明,同时土壤有机碳组分在土壤中的含量和周转特征对于理解土壤质量变化具有重要意义[20],因此,探讨多代连栽对桉树人工林不同土层土壤有机碳组分特征及碳库管理指数的影响,一方面对于填补多代连栽经营措施对土壤碳库影响的空白,另一方面对于理解土壤质量变化、优化营林措施具有重要意义。
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