Objective Maintaining a strong decoupling between land use carbon emissions (LUCE) and ecological environment quality (EEQ) is a key approach to achieving the “dual carbon” goals, and clarifying their relationship is of great significance for deepening the understanding of regional sustainable development. Methods From a county-level perspective in the Great Qinling Mountains region, land use data, ODIAC data, and MODIS data were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of carbon emissions caused by land use and regional EEQ from 2000 to 2020. Additionally, a decoupling model was employed to explore their evolution processes over the past 20 years. Results (1) Land use types in the Great Qinling Mountains region exhibited significant spatiotemporal variations, with the area of construction land continuously increasing. (2) The total LUCE in the region increased from 1.57×107 t in 2000 to 5.31×107 t in 2020 and went through two stages of “rapid growth and slow growth”. The centroid of carbon emissions shifted westward and then stabilized. (3) Temporally, the regional EEQ exhibited an evolution pattern of “fluctuating decline, fluctuating rise, and fluctuating decline”, with a multi-year average value of 0.63, indicating generally high EEQ. Spatially, it exhibited a distribution pattern of “better in the middle and worse in surrounding areas”. (4) During the past 20 years, the decoupling relationship between LUCE and EEQ in counties in the Great Qinling Mountains region demonstrated significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Temporally, it showed a changing process of “deterioration, improvement, and deterioration”. Spatially, negative decoupling dominated, with varying decoupling progress across counties and significant inter-county differences. Conclusion LUCE poses a significant potential threat to EEQ. The findings can provide policy references for districts and counties to manage LUCE tailored to local conditions and achieve green and high-quality development.
土地利用格局剧烈变化会造成碳排放量和生态环境质量的改变[5-6],干扰生态系统的结构和功能。近年来,国内外学者对土地利用碳排放和生态环境质量的关系开展了较多研究,研究多围绕国家[7]、城市群[8]、省域[9]、市域等[10]大尺度研究对象展开,揭示了二者在一定程度上相互影响和制约。研究方法主要有耦合协调度模型[11-12]、空间自相关分析[13]、相关性分析等[14-15],其中耦合协调度模型应用比较广泛,注重分析土地利用碳排放与生态环境质量的协调一致程度。但这些研究多集中于静态分析和同步变化分析二者关系,当区域土地利用碳排放与生态环境质量不同步变化时,脱钩理论被引入,能够将两者所处状态进行详细划分[16],为描述两者同步关系的破裂提供了新的思路。脱钩理论起源于20世纪60年代,早期应用于物理领域,后来扩展到环境经济学科,主要用于探究基于速度标准的资源环境与经济增长之间的关系[17]。受县级碳排放数据源的限制,现有研究主要将脱钩理论运用于国家[18]、省域[19]和区域等[20]宏观层面碳排放与经济增长方面研究。日本国家环境研究所开发的人为二氧化碳开源数据清单(Open Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2, ODIAC)[21],将夜间灯光数据和单个发电厂排放/位置信息结合使用,估算了全球空间范围内化石燃料二氧化碳排放情况,现已广泛运用于不同尺度的土地利用碳排放研究中[11]。相关研究成果为本研究分析和量化更精细化的县域尺度土地利用碳排放与生态环境质量的脱钩关系奠定了基础。
式中:为脱钩弹性,LUCE和RSEI分别为土地利用碳排放与生态环境质量在现期与基期之间的差值,LUCE i 代表计算年土地利用碳排放,LUCE0代表基期年土地利用碳排放;RSEI i 代表计算年生态环境质量,RSEI0代表基期年生态环境质量。将0,0.8,1.2设置为脱钩的临界值[10],分为8种脱钩类型,见表1。强脱钩是最理想的脱钩状态,强负脱钩是最不理想的脱钩状态。
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