Objective The central Yunnan urban agglomeration is a key region for economic growth and ecological civilization construction in Yunnan Province. Clarifying its territorial spatial ecological restoration zones is an important prerequisite for coordinating ecological protection with economic development and achieving sustainable development. Methods Using 49 districts and counties in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration as evaluation units, a “security pattern-ecological health” theoretical framework was constructed. An indicator system was selected to evaluate the ecological security pattern and ecosystem health status, and a comprehensive index method was employed for ecological restoration zoning of territorial space. Results (1) The average value of ecological security pattern index (IS ) was 0.66, showing an overall spatial distribution pattern of “high in the west and low in the east”. High-value zones accounted for 52.66% of the total area, while low-value zones accounted for 11.53%. (2) The ecosystem health index (IH ) averaged 0.62, with a spatial distribution pattern of “high in the periphery and low in the center”. High-value zones accounted for 42.77% of the area, while low-value zones accounted for 3.22%. (3) The ecological restoration composite index (CEI) averaged 0.53, demonstrating an overall spatial distribution pattern of “high in the center and low in the periphery”. Based on the zoning results, the study area was divided into five categories: key ecosystem restoration zone, ecological security priority restoration zone, ecosystem health priority restoration zone, ecosystem enhancement priority zone, and general ecological restoration zone. These zones accounted for 1.71%, 6.92%, 46.72%, 25.90%, and 18.75% of the total area, respectively. Differential restoration strategies were subsequently proposed for each zone. Conclusion The ecological restoration zoning method based on the “security pattern-ecological health” framework can accurately identify the regional ecological security levels and ecosystem health status, achieving the ecological restoration zoning goal of “spatial optimization + precise restoration”.
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