Objective Yunnan Province, as the core area of China′s southwestern ecological barrier, bears significant responsibility for maintaining regional ecological security. This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of county-level carbon emissions in Yunnan Province, providing scientific support for regional differentiated carbon reduction and the development of low-carbon economy. Methods Taking 129 counties in Yunnan as the study subjects, spatial autocorrelation, optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD), and the spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression (GTWR) model were employed to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon emissions and their influencing factors. Results (1) From 2000 to 2020, total carbon emissions in Yunnan Province continued to grow, increasing from 93 million tons to 273 million tons. Counties such as Yongren, Fuyuan, Xuanwei, Anning, and Zhanyi consistently ranked among the highest in carbon emissions. (2) The spatial distribution exhibited a pattern of higher emissions in the central and eastern regions and lower emissions in the northwestern, western, and southwestern regions. The Moran′s I index decreased from 0.338 to 0.219, indicating weakened but still positive spatial autocorrelation. High-value and low-value regions showed distinct geographical adjacency and stable spatial patterns. (3) In single-factor detection, the output value of the secondary industry (q value of 0.334 9) demonstrated the strongest explanatory power, followed by elevation (0.308 8) and the output value of the tertiary industry (0.194 1). The interaction between two factors exhibited a nonlinear enhancement, with the interaction between the secondary industry output value, population size, and GDP being the most significant. Conclusion Yunnan Province exhibits significant spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics in carbon emissions at the county level. The main driving factors of the spatial differentiation of carbon emissions are the output value of the secondary industry, elevation, and the output value of the tertiary industry. Additionally, a significant synergistic effect is observed between topographic conditions and socioeconomic factors.
本文使用的能源数据源于2000—2020《云南省统计年鉴》与《中国能源统计年鉴》,碳排放数据源自美国航空航天局(NASA)与日本环境研究所(NIES)联合研发的ODIAC(Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2)高分辨率全球化石燃料CO2排放数据集,该数据集提供国家及地区尺度逐年逐月的碳排放数据,其精度与可靠性已获国际广泛认可[23]。社会经济数据包括人口规模、城镇化率、GDP、财政支出、一二三产值等整合自2000—2020《云南省统计年鉴》《中国县域统计年鉴》及国民经济与社会发展统计公报,行政区划数据取自国家基础地理信息公共服务平台,地形要素(高程、坡度)数据来自地理空间数据云30 m精度的数字高程栅格,旅游景点、道路密度、服务设施等数据则提取自OpenStreetMap平台。
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