1.Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Process and Information,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China
2.Nanchang Key Laboratory of Landscape Process and Territorial Spatial Ecological Restoration,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China
3.School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China
4.Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China
Objective This study explores the impact of cultivated land fragmentation on the eco-efficiency of cultivated land use (ECLU) and clarifies its influence mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the land-use patterns and promoting the efficient utilization of cultivated land. Methods Taking the Yangtze River Delta region as the research object, the slack-based measure (SBM) model of super-efficiency and the entropy weight method were applied to evaluate ECLU and the fragmentation degree (2000—2020). Based on the empirical results of the dynamic spatial Durbin model and the threshold model, the intrinsic connection between the two was further analyzed. Results (1) During the research period, the ECLU values in the Yangtze River Delta region decreased slightly overall but remained stable at a medium to high level. Spatially, high-efficiency areas were mainly concentrated along the borders of the central provinces. (2) The degree of cultivated land fragmentation in the entire region was relatively low, showing a spatial pattern of higher in the south and lower in the north. (3) Cultivated land fragmentation had a significant positive impact on the local ECLU but had a negative spatial spillover effect on the surrounding areas. Both effects were obvious only in the short term. (4) The impact of fragmentation on ECLU showed an inverted U-shaped pattern with per capita cultivated land area as the threshold, and its effect changed from positive to negative when the threshold was crossed. Conclusion The impact of cultivated land fragmentation on eco-efficiency is multifaceted, showing both spatial spillover and threshold characteristics. Future agricultural development in this region should adopt a scientific and grounded approach to fragmentation management, maximize its positive effects, and organically combine cultivated land scale with fragmentation patterns to formulate differentiated planting schemes.
生态效率最早源于由世界可持续发展工商理事会(World Business Council for Sustainable Develo-pment, WBSCD)于20世纪90年代提出的Eco-efficiency一词,后在土地利用领域中,耕地利用生态效率(Eco-efficiency of Cultivated Land Use, ECLU)被用于衡量资源投入与环境代价的协调性[3]。目前学术界主要围绕其概念界定、指标选取、测算方法及影响因素4个方面展开研究[4]。在概念界定方面,其核心在于衡量一定的耕地投入要素下期望产出与非期望产出的比值关系,强调以最少的资源利用与最低的污染产出获取最高的效益[5-6]。指标选取基于“多投入多产出”的构建框架[7],涵盖农作物产量和碳汇等期望产出以及碳排放和面源污染等非期望产出。测算方法主要包括生态足迹法[8]、随机前沿模型(Stochastic Frontier Analysis, SFA) [9]、数据包络分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) [10]等,其中由DEA衍生的SBM (Slack-Based Measure)模型最为常见。影响因素方面,学者从城镇化[11]、农村就业[3]与耕地规模特征等[12]多个视角,采用Tobit模型[13]、地理加权回归[14]或空间收敛模型等[5]方法指出其受社会经济、农业资源禀赋与政策等多重因素影响[15]。
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