Objective This study aims to determine the factors that drive the impact of cultivated land use type changes on soil organic carbon storage (SOCS), explore their spatial heterogeneity, and provide new perspectives and insights for designing management practices to enhance carbon sequestration and sink enhancement in cultivated land. Methods Taking Harbin, a typical black soil region, as the research area, this study adopted the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of cultivated land use type changes and SOCS (1999—2019). Gravity center analysis and cold and hot spot analysis were used to characterize the spatial distribution of the impact of land use change on SOCS. On that basis, the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method was used to quantify the influence degree of cultivated land use type changes on SOCS variations. Results (1) SOCS in the study area showed a downward trend (1999—2019). (2) During the 20 years, changes in cultivated land use types were mainly positively correlated with reductions in SOCS, with regression coefficients ranging from -49.2 to 14.4. (3) During the 20 years, high-value areas of the impact of cultivated land use type change on SOCS were mainly distributed in the northern and southern parts of the region and showed a shrinking trend, while the low-value areas were mainly distributed in the western and central parts and showed an expanding trend. (4) During the 20 years, the gravity center of the impact of cultivated land use type changes on SOCS migrated to the northeast, with a moving distance of 2.1 km, indicating more pronounced SOCS loss in the southwest. (5) Cultivated land loss was identified as the dominant factor driving SOCS decline, resulting in a total loss of 1.47×1010 t of SOCS. Conclusion In 1999—2019, changes in cultivated land use types in the black soil region led to SOC losses, with cultivated land loss causing a substantial shock to SOCS. At the same time, SOCS changes exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity and migration. Future efforts should strengthen soil protection and carbon management in the southwestern areas and optimize the structure of cultivated land use.
式中:yi 为有机碳储量变化;xik 为第i个区域的第k个影响因素;βk (ui, vi )为影响因素k在回归点i的回归系数;(ui, vi )为第i个观察点的空间位置;ε为n×1维向量。
1.3.4 对数平均迪氏法
本文采用对数平均迪氏法(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index, LMDI)探究耕地扩张,类型转换、存续以及灭失4种类型变化对SOCS的影响贡献,定量识别各类耕地利用调整在不同阶段对SOCS增减的驱动作用[22]。该方法可以避免线性假设带来的偏差,且支持动态演化研究,并能够准确量化单位耕地类型面积变化对SOCS的影响,便于政策和管理措施的针对性制定,同时能较好地避免零值和负值带来的计算问题,使得分析过程更加稳定和可靠。当分解效应为正值时,表征该分量的变化对土壤有机碳总量下降具有促进作用,反之亦然。基于对数平均迪氏分解(LMDI)方法,在区域和空间格网尺度下评估耕地面积变化对土壤有机碳总储量变化的影响。表达式如下:
运用普通最小二乘法模型(Ordinary Least Squares,OLS)检验研究区耕地利用类型变化在统计学意义上是否对SOCS具有全局影响,结果表明,Koenker大于 700,p<0.01,适合进行地理加权回归分析。1999—2009年耕地变化面积因子OLS残差在-3.35~5.35,地理加权回归(GWR)残差在-3.31~4.93;2009—2019年耕地变化因子OLS残差在-3.75~3.72,地理加权回归(GWR)残差在-3.69~2.81;1999—2019年耕地变化面积因子OLS残差在-4.87~6.58,地理加权回归(GWR)残差在-3.72~5.69,说明GWR模型拟合效果优于OLS模型(图2和图3)。
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