1.College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,Hubei 443002,China
2.Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,Yichang,Hubei 443002,China
3.Key Laboratory of River and Lake Regulation and Flood Control in Middle and Lower Reaches of;Changjiang River of Ministry of Water Resources,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China
Objective This study aims to conduct an in-depth investigation of the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil erosion in Yichang City, thereby providing a scientific basis for ecological protection, sustainable agricultural development, and soil and water conservation planning in the city. Methods The RUSLE model was used to calculate the annual soil erosion intensity and level in Yichang City, and the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of soil erosion were analyzed. Using geodetector, the main influencing factors of soil erosion in Yichang City and their evolutionary characteristics were analyzed. Results The annual average and maximum values of soil erosion intensity in Yichang City were 22.72 and 3 114.06 t/(hm2 · a), respectively. The average value showed an increasing trend, while the maximum value showed a decreasing trend. Spatially, the soil erosion intensity was higher in the northwest region and lower in the northeastern plain region. Among the selected influencing factors, the cover-and-management (C) factor and the slope factor had the greatest influence on soil erosion, and the influence of most factors on soil erosion exhibited characteristics of nonlinear enhancement. Among them, the interactions between C factor and rainfall erosivity (R) factor, as well as between C factor and slope length and steepness (LS) factor, on soil erosion were the most significant. Over time, the interaction effect of C factor and slope (S) factor on soil erosion weakened, and the influence of soil and water conservation (P) factor and R factor on soil erosion increased. Conclusion Soil erosion in Yichang City from 1990 to 2022 was mainly influenced by human activities. The overall intensity of soil erosion increases, but soil erosion in high-risk areas improves. It is necessary to further increase vegetation cover and implement more engineering measures to reduce the risk of soil erosion deterioration.
目前,常用的土壤侵蚀估算方法有USLE(Universal Soil Loss Equation)、RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)和CSLE(Chinese Soil Loss Equation)方程模型[4]。Wischmeier等[5]在1965年开发了USLE模型,并被广泛应用,成为美国和世界其他国家主要的水土保持规划工具。随着研究技术和资料的改进,研究人员基于USLE发展了RUSLE模型,使其能够更准确地估算土壤侵蚀量,为土壤侵蚀的研究和水土保持工作提供了更有力的工具[6]。目前,RUSLE模型在国内土壤侵蚀研究中得到了较为广泛的应用,并取得了不错的土壤侵蚀估算效果。熊微微等[7]基于RUSLE模型和空间自相关性,计算了滇中地区2000—2022年的土壤侵蚀强度,发现受人类活动影响较大的耕地和草地是主要的侵蚀区域;涂怡等[8]探究了清江流域2005—2020年的土壤侵蚀变化特征及其主要驱动因素,研究结果显示该地区的土壤侵蚀呈“升—降—升”的变化趋势,主要受植被覆盖度及土地利用类型的影响;何宇琛等[9]分析了晋西北黄土区的土壤侵蚀动态变化特征,发现该地区土壤侵蚀情况较好,主要驱动因素为植被覆盖度和坡度。
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