Objective This study aims to investigate the variation characteristics and driving mechanisms of river hydrological regimes under the dual pressures of climate change and human activities, providing a scientific basis for the dynamic management of ecological flow in rivers within cold and arid regions, and thereby supporting the construction of resilient water resource systems in arid regions. Methods The Taohe River Basin in Gansu Province was selected as the study area. Based on the daily measured runoff data from 1964 to 2023 at Xiabagou, Minxian, and Lijiacun stations, this study employed the M-K test, cumulative anomaly method, and indicators of hydrologic alteration-range of variability approach (IHA-RVA) to systematically evaluate the degree of hydrological alteration in the Taohe River Basin. Results The annual average runoff in the Taohe River Basin decreased at a rate of 6.91×106 to 2.518×107 m³/a. The changes were more pronounced in the downstream compared to the upstream. The runoff at all three representative stations underwent significant abrupt changes in 1986. After the abrupt change, the runoff at the downstream Lijiacun station decreased by 37.27% in summer, influenced by the regulation and storage of cascade reservoirs and water withdrawal from irrigation areas. At the midstream and upstream Minxian and Xiabagou stations, the runoff in September dropped sharply by more than 40%, while no significant decline was observed in winter and spring runoff. The overall degrees of hydrological alteration at Xiabagou, Minxian, and Lijiacun stations were 44%, 46%, and 40%, respectively (all classified as moderate alteration). This was specifically manifested as a decrease in the frequency of extreme flow events (the annual maximum 7-day flow was reduced by 57%, 35%, and 14%, respectively), an increase in low-flow duration (the degree of alteration was the highest in the upstream, reaching 46%), and a significant increase in the number of flow reversals (the degree of alteration was 78% in the midstream and downstream). Conclusion From 1964 to 2023, the annual average runoff in the Taohe River Basin showed a significant decreasing trend. Following the hydrological abrupt change in 1986, the overall degree of hydrological alteration in this basin is moderate to low, and the ecological environment remains in a good state.
近年来,水文情势变异研究应用IHA-RVA法(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration-Range of Varia-bility Approach)分析最为广泛,该方法通过32项水文指标量化径流量在不同时间尺度(如月、季、年)的特征,并基于历史数据构建水文指标的自然变化范围,从而识别人类活动或气候变化对水文情势的干扰程度,已被应用于河流生态需水评估和人类活动对径流过程的影响效应解析等方面[6]。如LIU等[7]通过该方法与Tennant法等生态流量计算方法结合,分析了湟水河流域的水文条件变化,并评估了大通河和湟水河的生态流量保证率。CHEN等[8]将IHA-RVA法与FDC生态水文指标相结合,对乌江流域水文进行评价,并分析计算了人类活动和气候变化对径流的影响。Yang等[9]首先采用IHA-RVA法筛选出代表每条河流不同时期的敏感指标,确定研究区水文变化期,再通过构建“土壤-植物-大气”之间的水和能量转移(WetSpa)模型,定量确定气候变化和不同人类活动对流域径流的影响。Wang等[10]采用该方法和生态指标法定量评估1960—2020年黄河流域水文变化程度和生态响应过程,以及降水、下垫面等驱动因素对黄河径流变化的相对贡献。
变化范围法(Range of Variability Approach, RVA)是Richter等[16]基于32个水文改变指标(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration, IHA)对河流水文情势的变化进行评估的方法,该方法中IHA指标被分为流量年内变化情况、极端水文事件发生的时间、历时、频率和变化率共5类,以定量分析人类活动在流域水文环境变化过程中的影响程度[17]。由于本研究涉及的3个控制型水文站(下巴沟、岷县和李家村)在1964—2023年未出现日流量指标为零的情况,因此本文不考虑零流量天数的指标,IHA参数指标见表1。
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