Objective This study aims to fully tap into this potential and provide a theoretical reference for enhancing the grain production capacity of regional cultivated land. Methods Using climate and cultivated land use data, the Thornthwaite Memorial model was applied to calculate the climatic production potential of cultivated land. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the climatic production potential of cultivated land in Henan Province were analyzed using methods including Theil-Sen trend analysis, Mann-Kendall statistical test, and coefficient of variation, as well as the constructed indicators such as total climatic production potential of cultivated land and utilization rate of climatic resources. Results (1) From 1990 to 2023, the average temperature and precipitation ranges in Henan Province were 5.57~16.79 ℃ and 556.90~1 490.31 mm, respectively. The 10-year average values showed a steadily increasing trend for temperature and a trend of first increasing and then decreasing for precipitation. (2) From 1990 to 2023, the climatic production potential of cultivated land in Henan Province showed a fluctuating increasing trend, with a multi-year average of 12 599.93 kg/hm². Overall, it exhibited a pattern of higher values in the south and lower values in the north, demonstrating significant spatial heterogeneity, mainly characterized by low, moderate, and high fluctuations. (3) From 1990 to 2023, the total climatic production potential of cultivated land showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, with an annual average of 143 million tons and a coefficient of variation of 6.60%. The climatic resource utilization rate of cultivated land and major grain crops (wheat, maize, and soybean) generally showed fluctuating increasing trends, with multi-year averages of 40.26%, 41.84%, 41.08%, and 14.15%, respectively. Moreover, significant differences were observed in the changes in climatic resource utilization rates across different periods. (4) The climatic production potential of cultivated land in Henan Province showed no significant increase, covering 72.07% of the area, widely distributed in the central, eastern, north-central, and south-central regions of the province. Areas with extremely significant decreases accounted for 6.47%, scattered across various prefecture-level cities but predominantly concentrated around urban peripheries. Conclusion The climatic production potential of cultivated land in Henan Province exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. Regulating crop distribution according to local conditions and enhancing water and fertilizer retention capacity through soil improvement can further unlock the grain production potential of cultivated land.
气候生产潜力(Climatic Production Potential)是指当土壤、养分等条件处于最佳状态的前提下,降水和温度等气候资源得到充分利用时,单位面积土地可获得的最高生物学产量[4]。以气候生产潜力为基础,可推演出耕地气候生产潜力(Climatic Production Potential of Cultivated Land),耕地气候生产力是指除气候条件之外的其他条件都处于最佳状态的情况下,单位面积耕地可以产出的最大作物产量,其是衡量耕地粮食生产能力的重要指标[2,5]。国内外学者在气候生产潜力研究方面取得较为丰富的成果,常用的气候生产潜力评估模型主要有Miami模型[6]、Thornthwaite Memorial模型[7]、Chikugo模型[8]、AEZ模型[9]和机制法等[10],可对国家[11]、区域[6]和省域等[12]尺度气候生产潜力进行评估与分析,如徐雨晴等[7,11]利用Thornthwaite Memorial模型对中国气候生产潜力时空格局进行了测算与分析;陈博等[6]综合运用Miami模型和 Thornthwaite Memorial模型对东北三省植被气候生产力进行测算,并分析了其对气候变化的响应;同时部分学者也对陆地生态系统如森林[13]、草地[14]和作物等[15]的气候生产潜力进行分析,例如李秀芬等[16]运用逐级订正模型对寒地大豆气候生产潜力进行测算,并分析其对气候变化的响应;刘文茹等[10]运用机制法估算长江中下游麦稻二熟制气候生产潜力,并分析了RCP变化情境下麦稻气候生产潜力变化特征。已有研究多是从整体视角对气候生产潜力进行分析,虽然部分学者从宏观视角对耕地气候生产潜力有所探讨[5],然而,仍缺少从中观视角对耕地气候生产潜力的分析,特别是对典型农业区长时间序列的耕地气候生产潜力开展研究。
LiY, JinT T, GaoB L, et al. Spatio-temporal variation of climate and its potential productivity in the Southwest Tibet Plateau during 1901-2017[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022,37(7):1918-1934.
[4]
ZuoL J, ZhangZ X, CarlsonK M, et al. Progress towards sustainable intensification in China challenged by land-use change[J]. Nature Sustainability, 2018,1(6):304-313.
ZhaoH Y, TianB X, GongL J, et al. Climate-induced potential productivity of forest vegetation during the past 308 years in northern Da Hinggan Mountain region, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(6):1900-1911.
LiuZ J, JiaoL M, LianX H. Effects of climate change and cultivated land use change on climatic potential productivity of cultivated land in China from 1995 to 2020[J]. China Land Science, 2022,36(3):62-73.
ChenB, LiL G, ChenZ J. Spatio-temporal variation of climate productivity of vegetation and its responses to climate change in three provinces of Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024,35(12):3339-3348.
XuY Q, ZhouB T, YuL, et al. Climatic potential productivity and population carrying capacity in China from 1961 to 2010[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2019,35(2):84-91.
[13]
UchijimaZ, SeinoH. Agroclimatic evaluation of net primary productivity of natural vegetations[J]. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 1985,40(4):343-352.
JiX J, XuY H, ZuoX, et al. Estimating the climatic capacity of food security in Henan Province, China under the future climate change scenarios[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020,31(3):853-862.
LiuW R, ChenG Q, QuC H, et al. Variations in potential climatic productivity of wheat and rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under RCP scenarios[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(1):156-166.
XuY Q, YuL, ZhouB T, et al. Temporal-spatio dynamic pattern of climatic potential production under the background of climate change in the future in China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2019,33(9):72-80.
AnB, XiaoW W, ZhangS L, et al. Spatial and temporal features of climate and its potential productivity in Jiangxi Province during the period 1960-2017[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020,27(4):122-127.
XuJ Y. Estimation of the spatial distribution of potential forestation land and its climatic potential productivity in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023,78(3):677-693.
CaiD W, LiuW H, TanY Y, et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics of grassland degradation in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2023 based on climate production potential baseline[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025,45(5):134-144.
LuoH P, ZouN, HuX Y, et al. Climatic potential productivity and resources utilization efficiency of major grain crops in the main grain production areas of China, 1980—2019[J]. Resources Science, 2021,43(6):1234-1247.
LiX F, WuS, ZhaoF, et al. Characteristics of soybean climate potential productivity in frigid region and its response to climate change[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024,35(6):1615-1624.
MaQ L, LyuM M, YangY W, et al. Spatial-temporal evolution of cultivated grain production capacity and functional zoning in Henan Province[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2024,43(2):161-167.
[32]
PengS. 1-km monthly precipitation dataset for China(1901—2024). National Xizangan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center, 2020.
[33]
PengS. 1-km monthly mean temperature dataset for China(1901-2024). National Xizangan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center, 2019.
[34]
YangJ, HuangX. The 30 m annual land cover dataset and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019[J]. Earth System Science Data, 2021,13(8):3907-3925.
ZhaoM Y, MaQ L, SunX B, et al. Spatiotemporal variation in NPP of cultivated land and its driving factors in Yellow River Basin of Henan Province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2025,45(3):385-396.
YangD H, WuJ, LiC B, et al. Estimation and spatiotemporal distribution of soil heat flux over the Qinghai-Xizangan Plateau[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2024,29(2):113-124.
ZhangZ G, GengY X, CaiM T, et al. Spatial-temporal evolution and trend analysis of climatic potential productivity in Henan Province during 1978—2017[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020,27(6):247-253.
ZhangZ G, YinJ Y, GuoC F, et al. Estimation of climatic potential productivity and its spatiotemporal variations in Henan over the past 61 years[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University: Natural Science Edition, 2022,50(6):53-62.
LuoH P, ZouN, WangS Y. Spatiotemporal differentiation and evolution of climatic production potential in Chinese major grain area from 1981 to 2015[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2021,30(7):1724-1733.
SunX B, KongX B, WenL Y. Evaluation index system of cultivated land quality and its development trend based on cultivated land elements[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2019,50(3):739-747.
LiuJ Y, KuangW H, ZhangZ X, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics, patterns and causes of land use changes in China since the late 1980s[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014,69(1):3-14.