1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Xinjiang Institute;of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China
2.University of Chinese;Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
3.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application,Urumqi 830011,China
4.College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
Objective This study aims to clarify the characteristics of soil wind erosion and windbreak and sand fixation in the mainstream and different sections of the Tarim River, thereby providing a scientific basis for enhancing regional ecological security and stability. Methods The revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) was used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil wind erosion and windbreak and sand fixation in the mainstream and different sections of the Tarim River from 2000 to 2020. Furthermore, the influencing factors of soil wind erosion and windbreak and sand fixation were analyzed by using methods including geodetector, multiple regression equation, and transfer matrix. Results (1) The soil wind erosion in the Tarim River mainstream was characterized by slight erosion, and the function of windbreak and sand fixation was primarily at a low level, both exhibiting fluctuating decreasing trends at rates of 4.82 t/km² and 0.45 t/km² per year, respectively. Spatially, both showed increasing trends from the upstream to the downstream. (2) The results from the geodetector and multiple regression equation showed that wind speed was the primary factor controlling their spatial patterns, and both were significantly positively correlated with wind speed. The impact of soil moisture on them was regulated by ecological water conveyance, showing negative correlations during the water conveyance period and positive correlations during the non-conveyance period. (3) Among different ecosystems in the Tarim River mainstream, the amount of soil wind erosion followed the order: desert > shrubland > forest > grassland > urban area > farmland. Conversely, the amount of windbreak and sand fixation followed the order: forest > shrubland > grassland > farmland > desert > urban area. The shrub-desert transition zone was identified as the area experiencing the most dramatic ecosystem changes along the Tarim River mainstream. Conclusion From 2000 to 2020, soil wind erosion in the Tarim River mainstream showed an overall slowing trend but remained dominated by slight erosion, while the function of windbreak and sand fixation maintained a low level. Precise ecological water conveyance, increased tree-shrub cover, and strict control of farmland proportion are essential for enhancing ecosystem stability, strengthening the function of windbreak and sand fixation, and mitigating the risk of soil wind erosion in the Tarim River mainstream.
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