Objective Urban resilience reflects the city′s resistance, recovery, and adaptability in the face of uncertain factors. Studying the spatiotemporal differentiation and obstacle factors of urban resilience levels in Shanxi Province can provide reference for formulating urban development plans in the new era and improve cities′ ability to prevent and resolve risks. Methods Based on the new development concept, an urban resilience measurement index system with four dimensions of economic resilience, social resilience, ecological resilience, and engineering resilience was constructed. Entropy value method, comprehensive weighting method, three-dimensional kernel density estimation, obstacle degree model, and other methods were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of urban resilience from 2010 to 2022, and the obstacle factors affecting the level of urban resilience were scientifically diagnosed. Results (1) From a time-series perspective, the urban resilience level in Shanxi Province generally showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2010 to 2022, and the change characteristics of each dimension in the 11 prefecture-level cities varied. (2) From the perspective of spatial pattern evolution, the urban resilience level in Shanxi Province had relatively obvious spatial differentiation characteristics, and it gradually showed a development pattern with Taiyuan City as the core and southeastern Shanxi as the secondary core. (3) The order of the average obstacle degree of each dimension was economic resilience (0.357 4)>social resilience (0.278 0)>engineering resilience (0.206 4)>ecological resilience (0.158 1). The main obstacles included total import and export volume of foreign trade, proportion of science and technology expenditure, number of Internet broadband access users, per capita regional GDP, per capita disposable income, number of doctors per 10 000 people, per capita deposits, and the amount of actual utilized foreign investment. Conclusion The overall level of urban resilience in Shanxi Province fluctuates and increases. Highly resilient cities are limited in number, regional resilience spatial differentiation is significant, there is considerable room for promoting coordinated regional development.
随着城市化进程的加快,城市自然灾害、公共卫生事件、生态环境恶化等因素使城市发展过程中面临着严峻的不确定性和风险。如何建设有韧性能力的城市,是学术界和政府共同关注的话题[1-2]。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》中明确提出“韧性城市”的建设目标,将“韧性城市”建设纳入国家战略发展规划,党的二十大报告中强调“打造宜居、韧性、智慧城市”,提升城市韧性成为新时代城市高质量发展的必要途径。韧性(resilience)由拉丁语“Resilio”演化而来,最初意为“事物恢复到原始状态的能力”,最早应用于系统生态学中[3]。韧性概念经过工程韧性、生态韧性和演化韧性演变[4-5],学者对于“韧性”认识和研究也不断深入,逐渐拓展到自然生态、社会、经济、并逐步应用到城市研究当中[6-8]。2002年倡导地区可持续发展国际理事会(International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, ICLEI)首次提出“韧性城市”议题,城市韧性研究兴起[9]。随着地理学、城市规划学、经济学、社会学等不同学科对城市韧性的研究日益深入,城市韧性的内涵不断丰富[2,10],综合不同学科对城市韧性的理解,城市韧性是指由经济、社会、生态、基础设施等系统组成的城市高度复杂耦合系统在面对各种自然和人为干扰时所表现出来的适应力和恢复力以及学习能力[2]。
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