1.The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
2.State Key;Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Water Resources and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
4.State Key Laboratory of Soil and;Water Conservation and Desertification Control,College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering;(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation),Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
Objective The study aims to investigate differences in sediment and runoff yield characteristics on hillslopes with various soil types and their primary influencing factors, providing insights into erosion mechanisms across various soils. Methods Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted on red loam, black soil, purple soil, and sandy loess soil under different rainfall intensities (60 and 120 mm/h) and slope gradients (10°, 15°, and 20°). Runoff and sediment yield characteristics were analyzed, and their main influencing factors were identified. Results (1) The runoff rates of fine-grained soils (red loam, black soil, purple soil) were 4.3%~37.2% higher than those of coarse-grained soil (sandy loess soil), whereas sediment yield rates of coarse-texuted soil were 0.3~10.8 times higher than those of fine-texuted soils. (2) Among the fine-texuted soils, the sediment yield of red loam and purple soil increased steadily, while that of black soil increased rapidly at the initial stage before stabilizing. In contrast, sediment yield from the coarse-texuted soil under high rainfall intensity and steep slopes (120 mm/h rainfall intensity on 15°and 20° slopes) exhibited a “sharp increase followed by a sharp decrease” pattern. (3) For hillslopes with different soil types, soil erodibility, represented by the K value, contributed 34.9% to sediment yield rate. Rainfall intensity contributed 57.6%~85.6% to sediment yield in fine-texuted soils. For sandy loess soil, rainfall intensity and slope gradient were important factors influencing sediment yield, contributing 44.9% and 36.6%, respectively, significantly higher than their effect on fine-grained soils. Conclusion Rainfall intensity is the primary driver of sediment yield in fine‑grained soils, whereas both slope gradient and rainfall intensity jointly determine the sediment yield characteristics on coarse‑grained soil slopes.
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