Research on construction of a collaborative mechanism for carbon ecological compensation in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone from perspective of unifying rights, responsibilities, and interests
Objective To support the nation′s “dual carbon” goals and advance the process of carbon neutrality, this study aims to explore how to establish a vertical-horizontal collaborative carbon ecological compensation mechanism that integrates the spillover value of carbon sinks, thereby addressing the core deficiencies in the existing compensation mechanism, such as the disconnection of the vertical and horizontal systems and the mismatch between the contribution of carbon sink value spillover and the rights and responsibilities of compensation. Methods From the perspective of unifying rights, responsibilities, and interests, this study developed a collaborative payment framework and a quantification model for cross-regional carbon ecological compensation. The model was grounded in the radiation effects of carbon sink value and incorporated moderating factors: ecological function value recognition, economic fiscal capacity, and compensation demand intensity. An empirical analysis was conducted using county-level data from the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone. Results (1) From 2005 to 2020, the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone generated an average annual external spillover carbon sink value of 1 325.8 million yuan, receiving an average annual vertical compensation of 718.3 million yuan from the provincial government. Surplus counties were eligible for annual vertical compensation ranging from 7.2 million to 109.7 million yuan, based on their respective contributions to the carbon sink value spillover. (2) Significant spatiotemporal disparities were observed in the carbon sink service value flow within the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone. The spillover values for 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were 622.8 million yuan, 1 236.9 million yuan, 1 580.3 million yuan, and 1 265.2 million yuan, respectively. Horizontal compensation, allocated according to comparative ecological radiation capacity, resulted in Anyi County receiving the highest annual average amount (68.9 million yuan), while Yushui District received the lowest (less than 15 million yuan). (3) The total annual vertical-horizontal compensation received by each county ranged from 16.6 million to 141.9 million yuan. Wuning County, Poyang County, and Fuliang County each received more than 100 million yuan annually, while Chaisang District, Hukou County, and Xinjian District each received less than 50 million yuan per year. Conclusion The marked variation in compensation amounts across counties shows that the proposed standard avoids causing severe financial strain (“wipeouts”) for paying areas or generating excessive profits (“windfalls”) for receiving areas. This reflects the fiscal distribution principle based on the spillover of carbon sink value and the unification of rights, responsibilities, and interests. This framework can provide methodological references and decision support for the design of regional carbon ecological compensation systems under the goal of carbon neutrality.
式中:EFT v 为省级政府实施的碳生态补偿支付额;OE v 为鄱阳湖生态经济区全域对外外溢的碳汇服务价值量,考虑到对外外溢边界的模糊性和不定向性,本研究以扣除经济区内部消耗(需求)后的外溢价值为表征,其中Cq 和Ce 分别为鄱阳湖生态经济区自身植被系统与社会经济系统所能固定和所需排放的CO2量;Rp 为鄱阳湖生态经济区碳生态补偿需求强度系数,采用经济区碳汇资源保护事权(rp e )与全省碳汇资源保护事权(rp t )之比表征,值越大,表明鄱阳湖生态经济区相对全省而言所承担的碳汇资源保护事权越大,即碳平衡维护事权越大,其所需获得的碳生态补偿需求强度亦越大。参考张俊峰等[28]的研究,以人均碳汇用地保有面积表征区域碳汇资源保护事权。
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