1.State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control,College of Soil and;Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
3.Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430010,China
4.School of Land Engineering,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710054,China
Objective To improve the specificity of rainfall erosion prediction for engineering spoil heaps from production and construction projects in the southern red soil regions, an erosion characteristic model adapted to engineering spoil heaps in this region was developed based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model to predict rainfall-induced soil erosion. Methods Rainfall erosion data were obtained through laboratory-simulated rainfall experiments. Results from multiple rainfall events were superimposed and calculated. Using nonlinear fitting methods, the slope factor, slope length factor, and soil-rock mass factor in the model were revised. Results The revised equations for slope steepness and slope length factors could be characterized by power functions, with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.963 and 0.972, respectively. The revised equation for the soil-rock mass factor could be characterized by a polynomial function, with R2 of 0.997. The credibility of the revisions of the key model factors was high. Subsequently, following the USLE model framework, the key factors were combined to establish the specific form of the erosion model for engineering spoil heaps from production and construction projects in red soil regions. The model was then calibrated and verified, yielding a Nash efficiency coefficient of 0.922, indicating good predictive performance. Conclusion The revised slope steepness, slope length, and soil-rock mass factors in this study effectively characterize the rainfall erosion features of engineering spoil heaps from production and construction projects in red soil regions. The established soil erosion model can be applied to predict rainfall-induced erosion for such spoil heaps in the region.
源于美国农业部的通用土壤流失方程(Universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE)作为全球应用最广泛的土壤侵蚀预测模型[4,11],用于预测特定区域内的平均年土壤流失量,该模型通过区域化参数修正已在黄土区[12]、东北丘陵区等[13]典型地貌单元实现有效应用。国内学者基于USLE框架相继开发华南地区[14]、长江三峡库区等[15]区域性侵蚀预测模型,但既有研究多聚焦天然土体或农耕用地,其土体特性与工程堆积体结构存在本质差异[16],导致传统模型在该类土壤区的适用性受到显著制约。国外学者研究得出修正通用土壤流失方程模型(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, RUSLE)与GIS相结合能够预测受土地利用、土质、地形地貌、降雨、径流和人为活动影响侵蚀发生的位置[17];有学者基于USLE的估计值预测目标流域的总沉积物产量,并与其他模型的预测值进行对比[18];另有研究指出USLE模型比WEPP模型能更准确地预测土壤侵蚀[11]。USLE模型在土壤侵蚀预测领域的应用非常广泛,且得到众多学者的检验与肯定,因此,本文以USLE模型为原型对降雨条件下红土区生产建设项目工程堆积体的土壤侵蚀量进行模型构建与侵蚀预测,以期为红土区生产建设项目工程堆积体的水土流失治理提供指导。
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