Objective This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of the green transition of farmland use at the county level in Hebei Province and identify the multidimensional configurational paths, providing references for promoting sustainable agricultural utilization. Methods The CRITIC-entropy method was used to evaluate green transition of farmland use at the county level in Hebei Province (2000—2022). Spatial autocorrelation analysis was employed to reveal its spatiotemporal characteristics. Based on the TOE framework, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to identify the multidimensional configurational paths. Results (1) In terms of spatiotemporal evolution, green transition of farmland use at the county level in Hebei Province progressed slowly overall, showing minor “W”-shaped fluctuations. Spatially, this pattern manifested as “overall improvement-localized breakthroughs-regional divergence”. Spatial agglomeration remained significant but showed a weakening trend, with pronounced north-south disparities. (2) Regarding the driving paths, no variable constituted a necessary condition for green transition of farmland use. Three configurational paths were formed for achieving a high-level green transition of farmland use: a technology-led path, a technology-environment dual-driven path, and a technology-organization-environment synergistic development path. (3) The technology-led path was suitable for core agricultural areas in the Central-Southern Hebei Plain with strong agricultural foundations. The technology-environment dual-driven path applied to marginal counties with relatively good ecological conditions but limited economic development. The technology-organization-environment synergistic development path applied to counties with lower green transition awareness. Conclusion Green transition of farmland use in Hebei Province still has considerable room for improvement. It is imperative to focus on the multidimensional synergistic effects of technology, organization, and the environment, and to implement targeted policies to promote green transition of farmland use, thereby facilitating green agricultural development.
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