Objective This study aims to elucidate the patterns and driving mechanisms by which shelterbelt age influences the evolution of soil wind-erosion resistance, thereby providing a scientific basis for shelterbelt management and wind-erosion control in arid and semi-arid regions. Methods Shelterbelts with ages of 1, 4, 12, 25, and 32 years, together with a non-forested control site, were selected. Near-surface soil characteristics, including biological soil crust thickness, root mass density, and soil bulk density, were measured. Combined with indicators such as soil erodibility factor, soil crust factor, and soil compaction, the evolution characteristics of soil wind-erosion resistance were quantified from multiple dimensions. A comprehensive soil wind-erosion resistance index was constructed using a weighted method to systematically elucidate the mechanisms by which shelterbelt age influences soil wind-erosion resistance. Results Near-surface characteristics of shelterbelt soils exhibited significant changes with increasing shelterbelt age. Biological soil crust thickness, root mass density, soil bulk density, and soil texture stabilized after 12 or 25 years. The comprehensive soil wind-erosion resistance index increased continuously after shelterbelt establishment, reaching an approximately 98.6% increase relative to the control at 25 years, after which the rate of increase markedly slowed. This enhancement was mainly driven by the direct and indirect effects of biological soil crust thickness and cover, as well as root mass density and litter mass density. Conclusion Shelterbelt age is a key factor affecting soil wind-erosion resistance performance. Soil wind-erosion resistance increases continuously with increasing shelterbelt age but gradually stabilizes after approximately 25 years.
在对试验数据进行正态性和方差齐性检验的基础上,采用单因素方差分析(Analysis of Variance, ANOVA)对不同林龄农田防护林的近地表特性、各项土壤抗风蚀性能指标及土壤抗风蚀性能综合指数进行显著性检验,并通过Tukey′s HSD进行事后比较。借助R软件中的“linkET”包开展Spearman秩相关分析,以探讨土壤抗风蚀性能各指标与近地表特性间的相关模式。采用偏最小二乘路径模型(Partial Least Squares Path Modeling, PLS-PM)构建土壤抗风蚀性能预测模型,以解释度(R2)评估模型优劣(本研究中R2为0.95),进而明确驱动土壤抗风蚀性能综合指数提升的机制。
2 结果
2.1 近地表特性随林龄的变化
防护林近地表特征随林龄增加呈显著变化趋势。统计分析显示,防护林生物结皮厚度、根系质量密度、容重、黏粒含量、砂粒含量在12 a或25 a后稳定(表3)。与对照相比,当生物结皮厚度、根系质量密度、黏粒含量及粉粒含量趋于稳定后(12 a或25 a),其分别增加了64.5%,51.9%,29.4% 及3.7%;而土壤容重和砂粒含量分别减小了5.0% 和18.5%。防护林枯落物质量密度整体随林龄变化幅度较小,但在林龄32 a 的防护林中显著高于其他样地。
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