Objective To identify the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of water ecological resilience and diagnose its key influencing factors, so as to provide case-based references for adaptive water resource management in large-lake regions. Methods Based on the driver-pressure-state-impact-response-management (DPSIRM) model, an evaluation index system for water ecological resilience was constructed. By comprehensively applying the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, kernel density estimation, and spatial Durbin model, the spatial evolution characteristics of water ecological resilience in Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2023 were analyzed. The underlying influencing factors were revealed, and pathways for enhancing water ecological resilience were proposed. Results (1) The overall water ecological resilience in Jiangxi Province showed a fluctuating upward trend, increasing from 0.353 in 2012 to 0.385 in 2023, with an average annual growth of 0.003. (2) The spatial pattern of water ecological resilience in Jiangxi Province was characterized by two cores—Nanchang and Ganzhou—with a gradient decline toward the periphery. Most cities achieved a transition in water ecological resilience levels, and spatial differentiation tended to converge. (3) The water ecological resilience in Jiangxi Province was primarily influenced by regional fiscal revenue. The proportion of the tertiary industry generated a positive spatial spillover effect through knowledge diffusion, while the proportion of the secondary industry had a significant negative spatial spillover effect on water ecological resilience. Conclusion The overall water ecological resilience in Jiangxi Province exhibits a dual-core driving and steady improvement, primarily driven by fiscal revenue and industrial spillover effects. To systematically enhance regional water ecological resilience, future efforts should focus on fiscal coordination, industrial optimization, water conservation and restoration, and the development of cross-regional networks.
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