Objective This study aims to clarify the spatial differentiation characteristics of “Chinese Traditional Villages” in Yunnan Province, explore the mechanisms through which influencing factors contribute to this spatial differentiation, and thereby provide a theoretical basis for the systematic protection and sustainable development of traditional villages. Methods Taking the “Chinese Traditional Villages” of Yunnan Province as the research object, a series of spatial analysis methods were applied at a grid scale of 10 km × 10 km to analyze their spatial distribution characteristics. Subsequently, the optimal parameters-based geodetector (OPGD) and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models were employed to analyze spatial differentiation and identify driving factors. Results (1) The “Chinese Traditional Villages” in Yunnan Province exhibited a clustered distribution pattern, forming a spatial pattern characterized by “three high-density zones and several medium-density zones”. (2) Their spatial distribution showed significant spatial dependence. Different influencing factors exhibited obvious differences in explaining spatial heterogeneity, with historical and cultural dimensions demonstrating the strongest driving effect. (3) The number of Grade A scenic areas was positively correlated with the spatial differentiation of “Chinese Traditional Villages” in Yunnan Province, while the effects of other factors showed spatial differences in positive and negative associations. Conclusion The spatial differentiation of “Chinese Traditional Villages” in Yunnan Province results from the synergistic interaction of multiple factors. The positive and negative correlations between individual influencing factors and spatial differentiation constitute the key mechanisms shaping this pattern. Therefore, conservation practices for traditional villages should fully consider spatial distribution differences and the positive and negative effects of each influencing factor, and conservation strategies should be formulated and implemented according to local conditions.
WuJ Y, ChuJ G, ZhanJ X. Spatial pattern of characteristic villages and its controlling factors in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2025,32(2):305-315.
XuQ C, ShiS H. Spatial relationship and influencing factors of traditional villages and intangible cultural heritage along the Grand Canal[J]. Geographical Science, 2025,45(3):603-612.
HeX Q, LiF, GaoJ B, et al. Spatial distribution and influencing factors of Chinese traditional villages based on geographic grid[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2024,44(6):995-1004.
WangD C, LiuH T, YangF, et al. Ecosystem health assessment and driving factor analysis in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2025,38(11):2540-2548.
ZhaoX Y, LiY P, TanS C, et al. Analysis of spatial and temporal evolution patterns and driving forces of ecological environment quality in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2025,45(1):319-333.
ZhouX L, WangZ C, LiuY Z, et al. Factors influencing the evolution of rural settlements based on MGWR: a case study of Haikou City[J]. Tropical Geography, 2023,43(8):1599-1610.
[13]
SongJ L, YuH C, LuY. Spatial-scale dependent risk factors of heat-related mortality: a multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2021,74:103159.
[14]
YuH C, FotheringhamA S, LiZ Q, et al. On the measurement of bias in geographically weighted regression models[J]. Spatial Statistics, 2020,38:100453.
GaoW J, XiaoD W, ZhuoX L. Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Ethnic Groups′ Villages in Yunnan[J]. Economic Geography, 2022,42(9):228-238.
ChenG L, ZhangC Y, LuoJ, et al. Spatial distribution pattern of classical red tourism scenic spots in China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2018,32(9):196-202.
YangY, HuJ, LiuD J, et al. Spatial differentiation of ethnic traditional villages in Guizhou Province and the influencing factors[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2022,36(2):178-185.
[21]
佟玉权.基于GIS的中国传统村落空间分异研究[J].人文地理,2014,29(4):44-51.
[22]
TongY Q. Research on the spatial differentiation of Chinese traditional village based on GIS[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(4):44-51.
[23]
ChenW X, YangZ, YangL Y, et al. Identifying the spatial differentiation factors of traditional villages in China[J]. Heritage Science, 2023,11(1):149.
NiuY L, WangY. Spatial differentiation patterns of traditional villages in Taihang mountain area and influencing mechanisms: a MGWR model based analysis[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2024,38(9):87-96.
TianL, SunF Z, ZhangS X. Spatial distribution characteristics of intangible cultural heritage in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2022,36(5):186-192.
[28]
王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.
[29]
WangJ F, XuC D. Geodetector: principle and prospective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(1):116-134.
[30]
SongY Z, WangJ F, GeY, et al. An optimal parameters-based geographical detector model enhances geographic characteristics of explanatory variables for spatial heterogeneity analysis: cases with different types of spatial data[J]. Giscience & Remote Sensing, 2020,57(5):593-610.
QiaoY J, XuW G, LiuK, et al. Spatio-temporal evolution of vegetation NPP in Heilongjiang Province based on the multi-scale geographically weighted regression model[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2025,45(10):4878-4888.
LuB B, GeY, QinK, et al. A review on geographically weighted regression[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020,45(9):1356-1366.
[35]
陆韧.云南对外交通史[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,1997.
[36]
LuR. Foreign traffic history of Yunnan[M]. Kunming: Yunnan Ethnic Publishing House, 1997.
[37]
谭其骧.中国历史地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1987.
[38]
TanQ X. Chinese historical atlas[M]. Beijing: China Map Publishing House, 1987.
LiJ S, WangX R, LiX J. Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Chinese traditional villages[J]. Economic Geography, 2020,40(2):143-153.
[41]
童绍玉,陈永森.云南坝子研究[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2007.
[42]
TongS Y, ChenY S. Research on Yunnan Basins[M]. Kunming: Yunnan University Press, 2007.
[43]
云南省地方志编纂委员会.云南省志:卷一·地理志[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1998.
[44]
Yunnan Provincial Local Records Compilation Committee. Yunnan provincial chronicles: volume Ⅰ·geography[M]. Kunming: Yunnan People′s Publishing House, 1998.
[45]
尹绍亭.试论云南民族地理[J].地理研究,1989(1):40-49.
[46]
YinS T. Ethnic of geography Yunnan[J]. Geographical Research, 1989(1):40-49.
LuR. The distribution and development of the Han immigrant′s settlement in Yunnan during the Ming Dynasty[J]. Journal of Chinese Historical Geography, 2006,21(3):74-83.
[49]
叶文,张卓亚,杨宇明.云南风景地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[50]
YeW, ZhangZ Y, YangY M. Landscape geography of Yunnan[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2017.