Objective Investigation of the spatiotemporal variations of wind-water compound erosion dynamics in the sandy and coarse sandy area of the middle Yellow River will provide a theoretical basis for regional compound erosion research and precise control of soil erosion. Methods Three wind erosion driving factors and five water erosion driving factors were selected to construct comprehensive indices of wind erosion and water erosion dynamics using the global entropy weight method. A wind-water compound erosion dynamics index was then developed by integrating these indices. The interannual variations, seasonal superimposition effects, and spatial differentiation of wind-water compound erosion dynamics in the study area during 1960—2020 were revealed using trend analysis and Kriging interpolation. Results Over the past 61 years, the wind erosion driving factors and their comprehensive index declined significantly at both interannual and monthly scales, and an abrupt change occurred in the late 1980s. In contrast, the water erosion driving factors and their comprehensive index showed a non-significant upward trend interannually, while the comprehensive index increased significantly in February and June. Due to the significant decline in wind erosion dynamics, wind-water compound erosion dynamics decreased significantly at both interannual and monthly scales, but showed a gradual increase after 2010. The compound erosion dynamics exhibited an obvious double-peak pattern within the year, with the strongest superimposition effects occurring in July—August (31.86% of the annual total) and April—June (28.70%). During these two periods, water erosion dynamics accounted for 80.67% and 29.79%, respectively, while wind erosion dynamics accounted for 19.33% and 70.21%. Spatially, the long-term mean compound erosion dynamics exhibited a pattern of being higher in the north and lower in the south. Except for a non-significant upward trend at the Mizhi meteorological station, all other stations showed decreasing trends, with approximately 70% of stations exhibiting significant declines. Conclusion Wind-water compound erosion dynamics in the study area exhibit pronounced seasonal patterns and spatial heterogeneity, with July—August and April—June identified as high-risk periods.
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