Objective The ecological network connectivity and overall structure of the Loess Plateau region both exhibit high vulnerability. Assessing resilience helps identify weak links within the system, providing an important decision-making reference for the sustainable governance of regional ecological space. Methods Taking Xiji County, Ningxia, as a typical loess hilly region, the PLUS model was used to simulate the spatial structure of the ecological network in 2030 under a natural development scenario. Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), Linkage Mapper, and other methods were combined to construct the ecological network from the perspectives of points, lines, and areas, and its spatial resilience and optimization effects were then evaluated. Results By 2030, significant land use changes were projected in Xiji County. Cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and water bodies showed an expansion trend, with water bodies experiencing the largest area increase. Construction land remained largely stable, while unused land area decreased. A total of 53 ecological sources were identified, and 138 ecological corridors were extracted. The ecological network exhibited an unbalanced pattern, being “dense in the north and south, sparse in the central region”. In the optimization scheme, 54 ecological barrier points and 30 ecological pinch points were identified, which could effectively enhance the overall resilience and stability of the ecological network. Conclusion The optimized ecological network demonstrates significantly enhanced resilience under both deliberate and random attacks, showing better functional maintenance capability at equivalent node removal rates. It is recommended that future territorial space protection and restoration adopt differentiated strategies such as “zone-based management, corridor restoration, and node enhancement”.
式中:Wi 为第类土地类型领域权重;TA i 为第类土地利用扩张的面积;TAmin与TAmax分别为所有地类面积的最小值与最大值。通过历史数据模拟测试,最终设定耕地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地、未利用地的领域权重分别为1,0.55,0.1,0.55,1.54,0.5。该设定反映了建设用地和耕地因其社会经济驱动力而具有强扩张性,而草地扩张能力最弱的现实情况。
(2) 景观连通性。景观连通性是指景观促进或阻碍生态流在空间上运动的能力[21]。本文选取可能连通性指数(Probability of Connectivity, PC)、整体连通性指数(Integral Index of Connectivity, IIC)、斑块重要性指数(delta Probability of Connectivity, dPC)进行景观连通性评价。公式如下:
DI=0.5dPC+0.5IIC
式中:PC为斑块可能连通性指数;p*ij 为斑块i和j间路径的最大连通概率;ai, aj 分别为斑块i, j的面积,i≠j;AL为前景数据总面积;n为斑块总数;PC值越接近1,景观连通性越好。dPC为移除斑块i后景观连通性的下降比例,值越大,表明该斑块对维持景观连通性越重要;PCremove为移除斑块i后的PC值。IIC为整体连通性指数;nlij 为斑块i和j间的连接数;IIC值域为[0,1],值越大表示整体连通性越佳。为综合评判斑块重要性,构建综合连通指数DI,以DI>1为阈值提取核心生态源地,该阈值确保所选源地在维持景观结构与功能连通性方面均具有较高的重要性。
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