1.College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China
2.Hebei Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture,Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of;Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China
3.College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712199,China
Objective This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of soil erosion, predict erosion trends under multiple scenarios in a river basin, and provide reliable support for soil erosion prevention and ecological governance decision-making in the Loess Plateau region of western Shanxi. Methods This study took the Xinshui River Basin, a representative watershed in the Loess Plateau region of western Shanxi, China, as the study area. Using precipitation, soil properties, digital elevation model (DEM), and land use data from 1981 to 2019, this study employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to analyze the long-term spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of soil erosion in the river basin. The driving mechanisms influencing soil erosion changes were assessed, and future soil erosion under different scenarios of land use, climate change, and vegetation restoration was predicted. Results (1) the long-term average soil erosion modulus in the Xinshui River Basin was 1 913.31 t/km2, showing a statistically significant decreasing trend over time. The average values reached 2 346.98 t/km2 during the baseline period (1981—2001) and 1 407.36 t/km2 during the change period (2002—2019), with soil erosion intensity spatially increasing from southeast to northwest. (2) Among different land use types, grassland and cropland were the areas with the most severe soil erosion in the river basin, and should be prioritized as key targets for soil conservation efforts in the future. (3) Geodetector analysis revealed NDVI, elevation, and land use type as the primary factors influencing spatial differentiation of soil erosion modulus. The separation evaluation method indicated that climate change and human activities contributed -56.51% and 156.51%, respectively, to soil erosion reduction, while the double mass curve method yielded corresponding contributions of -71.26% and 171.26%. The convergence of both methods robustly demonstrated that human activities constituted the principal driving factor of soil erosion changes in the river basin. (4) Future land use change and climate change were projected to exacerbate soil erosion, whereas increased vegetation cover would mitigate it. Under the combined influence of the three scenarios, soil erosion in most scenarios was expected to intensify relative to the change period, with soil erosion intensity ranging from 1 329.24 to 1 762.02 t/km2. Conclusion The soil erosion modulus in the Xinshui River Basin showed a significant decreasing trend over the past 40 years. Grassland and cropland are high-risk erosion areas, and human activities are the main driving factor. Future climate change and land use change may aggravate erosion. Prevention and control should focus on grassland and cropland by increasing vegetation cover and continuously optimizing land use and vegetation restoration.
(5) NDVI数据:从“资源环境科学与数据中心”网站下载,获取中国1981—1997年逐年8 km NDVI数据集和中国1998—2019年逐年1 km NDVI数据集,对1981—1997年的NDVI数据进行重采样,通过回归分析建立二者之间的关系,获得分辨率为1 km的1981—2019年NDVI栅格数据,对其进行掩膜提取,从而获得昕水河流域的NDVI数据集。
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