无柄灵芝子实体多糖的提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

Optimization of the Extraction Process and Antioxidant Activity Study of Polysaccharides fromGanoderma sessile Fruiting Body

摘要

采用微波辅助提取方法，以无柄灵芝子实体的多糖含量为评价指标，通过单因素实验考察料液比（无柄灵芝 40 目（380 μm）粉末质量与去离子水体积之比，g/mL，为表达简略，略去单位）等因素对多糖提取效果的影响；应用 Box-Behnken 响应面法，分析关键参数对多糖含量的影响规律并进行系统性优化。通过测定总还原能力和自由基清除率，研究最优工艺下提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：无柄灵芝多糖的最优提取条件为：料液比 1∶30，微波功率 325 W，提取时间 9 min，浸润时间 30 min，提取 3 次，在该条件下，提取物中多糖含量（质量分数）可达 26.34%，与理论预测值基本一致，相对标准偏差（RSD）低于 0.4%。优化后的无柄灵芝多糖提取工艺操作简单、稳定性好，具有可行性，且提取物具有一定的体外抗氧化活性。该工艺展现出良好的开发潜力。

Abstract

To explore and expand new resources ofGanoderma lucidum polysaccharides,Ganoderma sessile was selected as the research object, given that it remains under-researched and rich in active ingredients with high contents. A microwave-assisted extraction method was adopted, with the polysaccharide content ofGanoderma sessile fruiting bodies serving as the evaluation index. Single-factor experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of five variables, including solid-to-liquid ratio(Ratio of powder mass ofGanoderma sessile 40 mesh to volume of deionized water), microwave power, extraction time, soaking time, and extraction cycles on the extraction efficiency ofGanoderma lucidum polysaccharides. The Plackett-Burman experimental design was conducted to screen out three dominant influencing factors: Extraction time, soaking time and extraction cycles. On this basis, a three-factor and three-level regression model was established via Box-Behnken response surface methodology, so as to analyze the effects of key parameters on polysaccharide content and achieve systematic process optimization.With vitamin C solution set as the positive control, thein vitro antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides prepared under optimized conditions was evaluated. The antioxidant indicators involved total reducing power, as well as DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates within a certain concentration range. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for polysaccharides from Ganoderma sessile fruiting bodies were as follows: Solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, microwave power of 325 W, extraction time of 9 min, soaking time of 30 min, and three extraction cycles. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide content(mass fraction) reached 26.34%, which was consistent with the predicted value, with a relative standard deviation（RSD） lower than 0.4%.The optimized extraction process forGanoderma sessile polysaccharides features simple operation, favorable stability and excellent applicability. Meanwhile, the extracted polysaccharides presented potentin vitro antioxidant activity, which endows them with promising development and application prospects.

关键词

无柄灵芝 / 多糖 / 微波提取 / Box-Behnken 响应面法 / 抗氧化

Key words

Ganoderma sessile / polysaccharide / microwave extraction / Box-Behnken response surface method / antioxidant

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(82060645)

上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目([沪农科创字 (2018) 第 1-1 号])