二氧化碳对氢－空气非预混爆燃的抑制特性及规律

Inhibition characteristics and laws of carbon dioxide on non-premixed hydrogen-air deflagration

摘要

为探究二氧化碳(CO₂)对氢燃料船舶储氢舱内氢－空气非预混爆燃的抑制机理，本文搭建封闭空间抑爆实验平台，结合实验与数值模拟方法，开展 CO₂ 抑爆机制研究，通过改变 CO₂ 的湍流扰动时间(t_i)、充注体积分数等关键参数，探究上述参数对火焰形态、火焰传播速度及爆燃压力等特性的影响规律。结果表明：①CO₂ 释放引发显著湍流效应，造成定容燃烧弹内气体体积分数分布不均，火焰形态逐步转变为半球形、指形，以及倾角各异的平板火焰。②CO₂ 充注体积分数为 10%、20%时，随着 t_i增大，火焰传播速度与爆燃压力均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。③CO₂ 充注体积分数提升至 40% 时，随着 t_i增大，火焰传播速度与爆燃压力逐渐减小。④继续提高 CO₂ 充注体积分数，其抑爆作用持续增强，气体在燃烧弹内分布更均匀，组分分层现象减弱，整体抑爆效果更优。t_i=0s 时，CO₂ 体积分数 40% 相较于 10%，火焰传播速度峰值下降 41.48%，最大爆燃压力降低 44.1%。该研究揭示了非预混工况下 CO₂ 的抑爆作用规律，可为氢燃料船舶非均匀预混爆燃的应急处置措施提供理论依据。

Abstract

In order to investigate the inhibition mechanism of CO₂ on non-premixed hydrogen-air deflagration in hydrogen storage tanks of hydrogen-fueled ships, an explosion suppression experimental platform in a closed space was constructed. Experimental and numerical methods were employed to reveal the inhibition mechanism of CO₂ on non-premixed hydrogen-air deflagration. By changing key parameters such as the turbulent disturbance time (t_i) and filling volume fraction of CO₂, the influence laws of the above parameters on flame morphology, flame propagation velocity, deflagration overpressure and other characteristics were explored. The results show that: ①The release of CO₂ induces significant turbulent disturbances, which promote the formation of volume fraction differences within the constant-volume combustion bomb, and the flame morphology gradually evolves into a hemispherical shape, a finger shape, and flat flames with different inclination angles. ②when the injection volume fraction of CO₂ is 10% and 20%, flame propagation velocity and deflagration overpressure show a trend of decreasing initially and then increasing with the growth of t_i. ③when the injection volume fraction of CO₂ increases to 40%, both flame propagation velocity and deflagration overpressure decrease gradually with the rise of t_i. ④Further increasing the injection volume fraction of CO₂ continuously strengthens its explosion suppression effect. The gas distributes more uniformly inside the combustion bomb, the component stratification is weakened, and the overall suppression performance is improved. when t_i = 0s, the peak flame propagation velocity and maximum deflagration pressure for 40% CO₂ volume fraction are 41.48% and 44.1% lower than those for 10%, respectively. This study reveals the explosion suppression laws of CO₂ under non-premixed conditions, and provides a theoretical basis for formulating emergency disposal measures against deflagration in hydrogen-fueled ships.

关键词

二氧化碳 / 氢-空气 / 非预混爆燃 / 抑爆特性 / 体积分数 / 火焰形态

Key words

carbon dioxide / hydrogen-air / non-premixed deflagration / explosion suppression characteristics / volume fraction / flame morphology

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4301700)