遥控无人潜水器重油输送管道热损特性及参数影响机制

Heat loss characteristics and parameter influence mechanism of underwater remotely operated vehicle heavy oil pipelines

摘要

针对低温海水环境下遥控无人潜水器(ROV)管道重油输送过程存在的热损失问题，本文构建了计入重油热物性参数的管道热损失模型，采用热－流耦合数值模拟方法，重点分析输送管路内油体近管壁区域(r/R＞0．85)与轴心区域重油的流动规律及换热特性。结果表明：在预热温度为70℃、单位面积质量流量为1600kg/(m²·s)工况下，管路输送起始段(距入口10m处)轴心处油温仅下降0．42℃，近管壁边界区油温降幅高达18．01℃，管壁会快速生成高黏度沉积层，该沉积层是制约重油安全输送的核心因素；提升管道预热温度(50℃～90℃)可延长重油有效输送距离，幅度随温度升高持续减小，变化趋势呈非线性特征；增大单位面积质量流量虽会提升散热强度，但油液管内停留时间缩短，能够减小管路沿程热损失；流量由1300kg/(m² · s)增至2100kg/(m² · s)时，输送距离100m位置近壁区油温衰减幅度减小19．20％。研究结果揭示了预热温度、单位面积质量流量对重油安全输送距离的影响机制，可为沉船应急场景下 ROV 重油回收作业的参数优化与安全输送距离定量评估提供理论支撑。

Abstract

A heat loss model incorporating the temperature-dependent thermal properties of heavy oil was developed to address the heat loss during heavy oil transportation through a ROV pipeline in a low-temperature seawater environment. A thermal-fluid coupling numerical simulation method was adopted to emphatically analyze the flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics of heavy oil in the near-wall region (r/R > 0.85) and the central axis region inside the delivery pipeline. The results show that under the operating conditions of a 70°C preheating temperature and a mass flow rate per unit area of 1600 kg/(m²·s), in the initial section of pipeline transportation (10 meters from the inlet), the oil temperature at the axis decreases by only 0.42°C, while near the pipe wall boundary zone, the temperature drop reaches as high as 18.01°C. This leads to rapid formation of a highly viscous deposition layer on the pipe wall, which is the key factor restricting the safe transportation of heavy oil. Increasing the pipeline preheating temperature within the range of 50°C to 90°C can extend the effective transportation distance of heavy oil, whereas the increment decreases continuously with rising temperature, presenting a nonlinear variation trend. Although increasing the mass flux enhances heat dissipation intensity, the residence time of heavy oil inside the pipeline is shortened, thereby reducing the heat loss along the pipeline. when the mass flux increases from 1300 kg/(m²·s) to 2100 kg/(m²·s), the temperature attenuation amplitude of heavy oil in the near-wall region at a delivery distance of 100 m decreases by 19.20%. The research results reveal the influence mechanisms of preheating temperature and mass flux on the safe transportation distance of heavy oil, which can provide theoretical support for the optimization of operating parameters and quantitative evaluation of safe transportation distance in ROV-based heavy oil recovery operations under shipwreck emergency conditions.

关键词

遥控无人潜水器 (ROV) / 重油输送管道 / 热损特性 / 影响机制

Key words

remotely operated vehicle (ROV) / heavy oil transmission pipeline / thermal loss characteristics / influence mechanism

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2809704)