斯特林发动机曲轴疲劳寿命预测与影响因素敏感性分析

Prediction of fatigue life of Stirling engine crankshaft and sensitivity analysis of its influencing factors

摘要

为满足船用斯特林发动机低噪声、低维护、长寿命的迫切需求，本文以传动结构复杂、更换难度大且直接决定整机振动噪声水平的曲轴为研究对象，开展疲劳寿命预测及关键参数敏感性分析。 首先，构建高精度斯特林发动机传动系统刚－柔混合多体动力学模型，提取曲轴应力载荷；然后，基于线性累积损伤理论的名义应力法进行曲轴疲劳寿命计算；最后，通过多元二次回归模型量化关键参数对曲轴寿命影响的敏感性。 结果表明：左、右曲轴的最低疲劳寿命分别为 29277．78h 和 29824．07h；在各装配与运维参数对左、右曲轴疲劳寿命的影响中，主轴承间隙的影响最为显著，其影响占比分别达到 51．63％ 和 50．31％。 关键参数敏感性分析结果可为斯特林发动机曲轴可靠性设计及全生命周期运维方案制定提供重要依据。

Abstract

In order to meet the urgent needs of marine Stirling engine with low noise, low maintenance and long life, this paper took the crankshaft, a transmission component with complex structure, high replacement difficulty, and a direct impact on the vibration and noise levels of the entire machine, as the research object, conducting fatigue life prediction and sensitivity analysis of key parameters. Firstly, the rigid-flexible hybrid multibody dynamics model of the high-precision Stirling engine transmission system was constructed, and the crankshaft stress load was extracted. Then, the crankshaft fatigue life was calculated by the nominal stress method based on the linear cumulative damage theory. Finally, the sensitivity of the key parameters of the crankshaft life was quantified by the multiple quadratic regression model. The results show that the minimum fatigue life of the left and right crankshafts is 29277.78 hours and 29824.07 hours, respectively. Among the effects of assembly and operation-maintenance parameters on the fatigue life of the left and right crankshafts, the main bearing clearance exerts the most significant influence, with its contribution ratios reaching 51.63% and 50.31%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis results of key parameters can provide an important basis for the reliability design and the formulation of whole-life-cycle operation and maintenance schemes of Stirling engine crankshafts.

关键词

斯特林发动机 / 曲轴疲劳寿命 / 影响因素 / 敏感性分析

Key words

Stirling engine / crankshaft fatigue life / influencing factors / sensitivity analysis

参考文献

[1] 孙思聪,杨欣,周建明,基于高精度模型的热气机振动响应计算分析研究[J].柴油机,2018,40(5):39-43.

[2] Sun Sicong,Yang Xin,Zhou Jianming,et al.Vibration response calculation and analysis of a Stirling engine based on high-precision model[J]. Diesel Engine, 2018, 40(5):39-43.(in Chinese)

[3] 伍赛特.斯特林发动机技术特点及应用研究[J].能源与环境,2021(1):57-58.

[4] wu Saite.Technical characteristics and application of Stirling engine[J].Energy and Environment, 2021(1): 57-58.(in Chinese)

[5] 黄维,杨欣,孙思聪,某型特种发动机传动系统的动力学计算分析[J].柴油机,2017,39(5):33-37.

[6] Huang Wei,Yang Xin,Sun Sicong, et al. Dynamic cal-culation and analysis of the transmission system of a type of special engine[J].Diesel Engine,2017,39(5):33-37.(in Chinese)

[7] 缪斯浩,周建明,杨欣,斯特林发动机 V 型传动系统激励力的计算分析研究[J].柴油机,2018,40(6):43-48.

[8] Miu Sihao,Zhou Jianming,Yang Xin, et al. Calculation analysis of motivating forces of V-type transmission systems for Stirling engines[J]. Diesel Engine,2018,40(6):43-48.(in Chinese)

[9] 余永华,解美强,李宝月,基于数字孪生的船用柴油机曲轴应力预测[J].中国舰船研究,2023,18(5):50-56.

[10] Yu Yonghua, Xie Meiqiang, Li Baoyue, et al. Stress prediction of marine diesel engine crankshaft based on digital twin technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2023,18(5):50-56.(in Chinese)

[11] 姚寿广,冯祥,孙世芳,基于有限元方法的 16Pa6STC 柴油机曲轴疲劳强度分析[J].船海工程,2010,39(5):79-83.

[12] Yao Shouguang,Feng Xiang,Sun Shifang, et al. Fatigue strength analysis of 16Pa6STC diesel crankshaft based on FEM[J]. Ship & Ocean Engineering, 2010,39 (5):79-83.(in Chinese)

[13] 崔广军.曲轴疲劳寿命的有限元和多体动力学联合仿真研究[J].机械强度,2016,38(2):394-398.

[14] Cui Guangjun. Research on co-simulation of finite element method and the multi body dynamics of the crank-shaft fatigue life[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2016,38(2):394-398.(in Chinese)

[15] Xu Zhaohui,wang Shinian,Gao Lining,et al.Fatigue life analysis model of crankshaft under uncertain working conditions based on physical-data collaboration[J]. Journal of Engineering Research,2025,13(2):1241-1249.

[16] Blasón S, Rodríguez C, Fernández-Canteli A. Fatigue characterization of a crankshaft steel: use and interaction of new models[J]. Fracture and Structural Integrity, 2016, 10(35):187-195.

[17] Gomes J, Gaivota N, Martins R F, et al. Failure analysis of crankshafts used in maritime V12 diesel engines[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2018, 92:466-479.

[18] Zhang Qiang, Wang Daihua, Zhang Kaige, et al. COMSOL-based fatigue simulation of crankshaft[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2024, 2741:012025.

[19] 杨欣,顾根香,孙思聪,基于动态子结构的轴承动力学及摩擦学耦合分析[J].中国舰船研究,2021,16(6):201-208.

[20] Yang Xin, Gu Genxiang, Sun Sicong, et al. Dynamic and tribological coupling analysis of journal bearing based on dynamic sub-structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2021, 16(6):201-208. (in Chinese)

[21] 白泽方,孙思聪,杨建国,配缸间隙对活塞组动力学和摩擦学特性的影响[J].船舶工程,2023,45(7):92-99.

[22] Bai Zefang, Sun Sicong, Yang Jianguo, et al. Influence of cylinder clearance on dynamic and tribological characteristics of piston sets[J]. Ship Engineering, 2023, 45(7):92-99. (in Chinese).

[23] Han M J, Lee C H, Park T W. Vibro-acoustic response in vehicle interior and exterior using multibody dynamic systems due to cleat impacts[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2020, 21(3):591-602.

[24] 乔雪涛,盛坤,李优华,基于 workBench 和 nCode 的摆线轮疲劳寿命及可靠性分析[J].机械强度,2024,46(6):1458-1464.

[25] Qiao Xuetao, Sheng Kun, Li Youhua, et al. Fatigue life and reliability analysis of cycloidal gears based on workbench and nCode[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2024, 46(6):1458-1464. (in Chinese)

[26] 程磊磊.基于可靠性的柴油机曲轴疲劳寿命分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2022:44.

[27] Cheng Leilei. Fatigue life analysis of diesel engine crankshaft based on reliability[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2022:44. (in Chinese)

[28] 叶礼裕,曹桂源,熊伟鹏,考虑冰-桨作用动力效应的桨叶疲劳强度预报方法[J].中国舰船研究,2026,21(3):112-121.doi:10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.04399.

[29] Ye Liyu, Cao Guiyuan, Xiong Weipeng, et al. Blade fatigue strength prediction method considering the dynamic effects of ice-propeller interaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2026, 21(3):112-121.doi:10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.04399.(in Chinese)

[30] 吴刚,马桃,张晋伟.基于累计损伤理论的车钩缓冲装置疲劳寿命分析[J].轨道交通装备与技术,2019(6):13-17.

[31] Wu Gang, Ma Tao, Zhang Jinwei. Fatigue life analysis of coupler buffer device based on cumulative damage theory[J]. Rail Transportation Equipment and Technology, 2019(6):13-17. (in Chinese)

[32] 赵少汴. 抗疲劳设计手册[M].2 版. 北京: 机械工业出版社,2015:111-171.

[33] 李永利, Pan J, Hathaway R B. 疲劳试验测试分析理论与实践[M].张然治,译.北京:国防工业出版社,2011:98-100.

[34] Zhang Feng, Wu Mingying, Hou Xinting, et al. Post-buckling reliability analysis of stiffened composite panels based on adaptive iterative sampling[J]. Engineering with Computers, 2022, 38:2651-2661.

[35] Juliana G, Laura V, Ainhoa R, et al. Design and optimization of a siphon turbine using the response surface methodology[J]. Results in Engineering, 2024, 22:102241.

基金资助

国家部委基金资助项目(20201f0103)