基于三维数值模拟的防波堤－风机结构体系位移响应及敏感性分析

Displacement response and sensitivity analysis of breakwater-wind turbine structural system based on three-dimensional numerical simulation

摘要

针对防波堤－风机结构体系位移响应的主控因素及参数敏感性机理尚不明确的问题，本文建立一种考虑风－浪联合作用的一体化数值分析模型，并基于灰色关联理论系统揭示各参数对防波堤－风机结构体系位移响应的影响规律。首先，以某防波堤风电工程为背景，采用Davenport风速谱和JONSwAP波浪谱，结合谐波叠加法模拟生成风－浪荷载时程；其次，构建防波堤－风机全耦合三维数值模型，并通过与传统单桩式近海风机对比，验证了防波堤对风机位移稳定性的改善效果；最后，选取荷载、结构及地基三类关键影响因素，采用灰色关联分析方法进行多参数敏感性评估，量化了各参数对结构位移响应的敏感程度。研究表明：防波堤的引入产生波浪遮蔽效应并形成附加约束机制，能够显著改善风机系统的位移稳定性；该耦合系统响应主要受风荷载支配，波浪荷载的影响被有效抑制；塔筒参数主导上部变形，桩基参数则主导桩－堤交界处响应。研究成果明确了风－浪联合作用下防波堤－风机结构体系的位移响应变化规律，可为工程抗灾设计与参数优化提供理论依据。

Abstract

To address the lack of clarity regarding the dominant factors and parameter sensitivity mechanisms of the displacement response of the breakwater-wind turbine coupled system, this paper established an integrated numerical analysis model considering combined wind-wave action and systematically revealed the influence laws of various parameters based on grey relational analysis (GRA). Firstly, based on a practical breakwater-integrated wind power project, the Davenport wind speed spectrum and JONSwAP wave spectrum were used together with the harmonic superposition method to simulate and generate time histories of wind-wave loads. Secondly, a refined 3D fully coupled numerical model of the breakwater-wind turbine system was constructed. Compared with traditional offshore monopile wind turbines, the model verifies that the breakwater can enhance the displacement stability of the wind turbine. Finally, three types of key influencing factors including load, structure and foundation were selected, and the GRA method was adopted for multi-parameter sensitivity evaluation to quantify the sensitivity of structural displacement response to each parameter. Results show that the introduction of the breakwater produces a wave-shielding effect and forms an additional constraint mechanism, which can significantly improve the displacement stability of the wind turbine system. The system response is predominantly governed by wind loads, while the influence of wave loads is effectively suppressed. Tower parameters dominate the deformation of the upper structure, whereas pile parameters govern the response at the pile-breakwater interface. These findings clarify the displacement response laws of the coupled system under combined wind-wave action, and can provide a theoretical basis for engineering disaster-resistance design and parameter optimization.

关键词

单桩式近海风机 / 防波堤 / 风－浪荷载 / 灰色关联分析(GRA) / 敏感性分析

Key words

monopile supported offshore wind turbine / breakwater / wind-wave loading / grey relational analysis (GRA) / sensitivity analysis

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(52178315)