Boundary coupling characteristics and spatial driving factors of “township-small watershed”: A case study of low mountain and hilly area in southern Shaanxi
Based on the complex system theory, the necessity of spatial coupling between the administrative boundary and the watershed boundary of the typical watershed area in China is deliberated. On this basis, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the boundary coupling between townships and small watersheds in the low mountain and hilly areas of southern Shaanxi are statistically analyzed, and the driving factors of the boundary coupling are examined by employing the grey correlation analysis method. The results show that the coupling degree between township and small watershed boundaries presents an upward trend in the low mountain and hilly areas of southern Shaanxi; the coupling degree decreases gradually from upstream to midstream and downstream of rivers and declines along the descending elevation gradient. In 2010, production space factors mainly influenced township boundary adjustment. In 2015, production-living-ecological space factors jointly drove the boundary coupling. By 2020, ecological space factors, spatiotemporal distance factors of production space, and agglomeration degree factors of living space became the key factors influencing the coupling of township and small watershed boundaries in the upstream, midstream, and downstream sections respectively, as well as at altitudes above 1000 m, between 700~1 000 m, and below 700 m. To cope with the coordinated development of ecological, economic and social systems in typical catchment areas, it is necessary to combine regional development characteristics of townships across different river reaches and elevation gradients, and adjust the weight sequence of key spatial influencing factors for boundary coupling between townships and small watersheds as well as township boundary optimization according to local conditions.
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