上颌第一前磨牙穿髓型楔状缺损不同修复方式的三维有限元分析
Three⁃dimensional finite element analysis of different restoration methods for pulp⁃exposed wedge⁃shaped defects in upper first premolars
目的 探讨上颌前磨牙穿髓型楔状缺损不同修复方式对其牙体组织受力的影响。 方法 首先结合Micro-CT扫描技术、逆向工程技术、计算机辅助设计技术以及三维有限元分析方法,构建了正常上颌前磨牙及其牙周组织的三维有限元模型,并在此基础上建立角型穿髓型楔状缺损模型。按 牙合 龈向高度固定为3.0 mm,深度分别为3.0 mm(占颈部颊舌径的1/3)、4.5 mm(占颈部颊舌径的1/2)和6.0 mm(占颈部颊舌径的2/3)构建3种缺损模型。各缺损模型分为树脂组(分别采用复合树脂充填、纤维桩+复合树脂充填、去除颊侧悬突牙体组织后行纤维桩+复合树脂高嵌体式充填)和全瓷冠组(上述树脂修复分别联合全瓷冠修复),另以正常上颌第一前磨牙模型作为对照组。对每组模型施加3种加载条件:轴向加载、颊向加载以及腭向加载,共建立19个工作模型(树脂组和全瓷冠组各9个),分别观察并分析各组模型中牙本质的等效应力和最大主应力的大小及分布情况。 结果 不同修复方式和加载方式对牙本质应力分布有显著影响。轴向加载时,等效应力和最大主应力均集中于加载区;斜向加载时,应力集中于颊侧或腭侧牙颈部。在轴向加载时,树脂组和全瓷冠组模型牙本质等效应力峰值及最大应力峰值均低于斜向加载,并且全瓷冠组牙本质的等效应力和最大主应力峰值均低于树脂组。在颊向加载时,全瓷冠组等效应力及最大主应力峰值均低于树脂组;在腭向加载时,全瓷冠组的等效应力峰值仍为最低,但是最大主应力峰值树脂组低于全瓷冠组。此外,缺损深度为3.0 mm时,全瓷冠组中复合树脂充填+全冠修复模型等效应力峰值最低;缺损深度为4.5 mm和6.0 mm时,全瓷冠组中纤维桩+复合树脂+全瓷冠修复等效主应力峰值最低。 结论 楔状缺损深度未达到牙颈部颊舌径1/2时,可选择树脂充填后行全冠修复;达到和超过1/2时,建议使用纤维桩加全冠修复。去除颊侧楔状缺损冠方悬突的修复方式不能有效降低牙本质应力,因此临床建议保留颊侧楔状缺损冠方悬突牙体组织。
Objective To investigate the effect of different restoration methods on the stress distribution within the tooth structure of maxillary premolars with through-pulp wedge-shaped defects. Methods Firstly, a three-dimensional finite element model of a normal maxillary premolar and its periodontal tissues was constructed by integrating Micro-CT scanning technology, reverse engineering technology, computer-aided design, and three-dimensional finite element analysis. On this basis, a model of angular wedge-shaped defect with pulp exposure was established. Three defect models were designed with a fixed occlusal-gingival height of 3.0 mm and depths of 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 mm, respectively. The above-mentioned defect models were divided into three resin groups(treated with composite resin filling alone, fiber post+composite resin filling, removal of the buccal overhanging tooth structure followed by fiber post+composite resin onlay restoration, respectively) and three all-ceramic crown groups(different resin restoration combined with all-ceramic crown), and another normal maxillary first premolar model was used as control group. The models in each group were treated under axial, buccal and palatal loading conditions, respectively, and then the magnitude and the distribution of equivalent stress and maximum principal stress of the dentin were observed and analyzed. Results Different restoration methods and loading modes had significant effects on the stress distribution in dentin. Under axial loading, both the equivalent stress and the maximum principal stress concentrated at the loading site; under oblique loading, the stress concentrated at the buccal or palatal cervical region of the tooth. Peak equivalent stress and peak maximum principal stress in dentin in all-ceramic crown group and resin group were lower under axial loading than those under oblique loading, and they were lower in all-ceramic crown groups than those in corresponding resin groups. Under buccal loading, both peak equivalent stress and peak maximum principal stress in all-ceramic crown groups were lower than those in corresponding resin groups; under palatal loading, peak equivalent stress was the lowest in all-ceramic crown group, whereas peak maximum principal stress in resin groups was lower than that in corresponding all-ceramic crown groups. At a defect depth of 3.0 mm, the peak equivalent stress was the lowest in the composite-resin filling+full-crown model in all-ceramic crown group; at defect depths of 4.5 mm and 6.0 mm, the peak maximum principal stress was the lowest in the model of fiber-post+composite resin+all-ceramic crown restoration in all-ceramic crown group. At a defect depth of 3.0 mm, the equivalent stress was the lowest in the model of composite resin filling+full crown in all-ceramic crown group. At defect depths of 4.5 mm and 6.0 mm, the equivalent stress peak was the lowest in the model restored with a fiber post, composite resin, and full ceramic crown. Conclusion For wedge-shaped defects not exceeding half the cervical diameter, the composite resin with the full crown is sufficient. For deeper defects, the fiber post with the full crown is recommended. Removing the coronal overhang of the buccal wedge-shaped defect does not effectively reduce the stress in the dentin, therefore, it is clinically recommended to preserve the coronal overhang of the buccal wedge-shaped defect.
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陕西省牙颌疾病临床医学研究中心开放课题-应用基础研究(2018YHJB05)
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