基于非靶向代谢组学的黄芪等级划分及其与优形优质的关联性
Grade classification and its correlation with quality superiority of Astragali Radix based on untargeted metabolomics
目的 探索不同质量等级黄芪之间的差异代谢物及其与性状特征关系。 方法 收集不同批次黄芪饮片,根据产地、直径、气味等划分质量等级。采用HPLC法检测黄芪甲苷及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量,色谱柱均采用C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),色谱条件依次为乙腈-水(32∶68)及乙腈-0.2%甲酸梯度洗脱。采用LC-MS技术,通过非靶向代谢组学方法分析不同等级黄芪差异代谢物。采用主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)等多元统计方法筛选不同等级黄芪饮片间的差异代谢物。结合HMDB、MassBank、LipidMaps、mzCloud、KEGG及自建标准品数据库进行代谢物定性鉴定,并进一步解析其关键代谢通路。 结果 依据直径、豆腥味、产地等将常用黄芪饮片分为3个等级。等级1(HQ1)黄芪甲苷量0.051%~0.132%、毛蕊异黄酮0.034%~0.049%;等级2(HQ2)两成分含量分别为0.039%~0.042%、0.023%~0.036%;等级3(HQ3)含量分别降至0.022%~0.033%、0.006%~0.026%。不同等级黄芪检测总代谢物均为4 718种;HQ1与HQ2、HQ1与HQ3、HQ2与HQ3比较,分别筛选出差异代谢物289种(上调106种、下调183种)、311种(上调176种、下调135种)、329种(上调219种、下调110种)。KEGG通路富集分析显示,3个等级黄芪差异代谢物显著富集于氨基酸代谢、黄酮类化合物生物合成及脂质代谢通路。 结论 黄芪饮片品质等级与黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮含量正相关,等级降低成分含量显著下降;总代谢物种类基本一致,但含量差异显著;差异代谢物富集于氨基酸代谢、黄酮类化合物生物合成等通路,其差异化调控是品质分化的核心代谢基础。
Objective To explore differential metabolites among Astragali Radix of different quality grades and their correlations with morphological characteristics. Methods Astragali Radix slices from different batches were collected and graded according to their origin, diameter, odor, and other characteristics. The contents of astragaloside Ⅳ and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were determined by HPLC. A C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used, with isocratic elution using acetonitrile-water(32∶68) or gradient elution using acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid as the chromatographic conditions for the two analytes, respectively. LC-MS combined with an untargeted metabolomics method was applied to profile differential metabolites in Astragali Radix slices of different quality grades. Multivariate statistical methods, including principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS‑DA), were employed to screen differential metabolites among Astragali Radix pieces of different grades. Metabolites were qualitatively identified by searching against the HMDB, MassBank, LipidMaps, mzCloud, KEGG database and an in‑house standard database, and the key metabolic pathways were further analyzed. Results According to the diameter, bean-like odor, places of region and other indexes, the commonly used Astragali Radix herbal pieces were divided into three grades. For grade 1(HQ1), the content was 0.051%-0.132% for astragaloside Ⅳ and 0.034%-0.049% for calycosin-7-O-glucoside; the contents in grade 2(HQ2) were 0.039%-0.042% and 0.023%-0.036%, respectively; the contents in grade 3(HQ3) decreased to 0.022%-0.033% and 0.006%- 0.026%, respectively. A total of 4 718 metabolites were identified in all grades. A total of 289 differential metabolites(106 up-regulated and 183 down-regulated) were screened between HQ1 and HQ2, and 311(176 up-regulated and 135 down-regulated) between HQ1 and HQ3, and 329(219 up-regulated and 110 down-regulated) between HQ2 and HQ3 were screened. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites from the three grades were significantly enriched in amino acid metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism pathways. Conclusion The quality grade of Astragali Radix slices is positively correlated with the contents of astragaloside Ⅳ and calycosin, and the contents of these components decrease significantly as the grade decreases. The types of total metabolites are basically consistent, but their contents show significant differences. The differential metabolites are significantly enriched in the pathways of amino acid metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis. The differential regulation of these pathways constitutes the core metabolic basis for quality differentiation.
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