默克尔细胞在多物种中的组织分布

Tissue Distribution of Merkel Cells in Various Species

摘要

环境刺激在野生动物的生存和进化中起了关键作用, 协助感知触觉、温度等的细胞感受器也因此体现了生物多样性。默克尔细胞(Merkel cell, MC)是脊椎动物触觉敏感区重要的感觉细胞。本文采用文献调研和数据统计的方法, 借助PubMed、ScienceDirect和中国知网等数据库对默克尔细胞的分布进行了调研。结果显示, 默克尔细胞分布于动物界哺乳纲、两栖纲、鸟纲、爬行纲、圆口纲和辐鳍鱼纲6个纲77个物种。其中, 默克尔细胞的组织病理研究主要集中在哺乳纲动物, 占比达到50%, 主要分布在人、猴、大鼠、小鼠、犬、猫、猪以及兔等物种; 其次集中在两栖纲和辐鳍鱼纲动物。在组织脏器上, 默克尔细胞在33个物种的鼻/触须中有分布, 占比达到40%, 提示鼻和触须是动物尤其是野生动物感知外界机械力刺激的重要部位; 其次, 腭、口周、手脚指掌、唇、舌、背皮、牙龈、四肢、腹皮、眼睛、颊和腮等触觉敏感部位的默克尔细胞在较多种属中有研究。系统地汇总已知物种中触觉敏感细胞默克尔细胞的分布, 研究默克尔细胞在不同物种中的分布规律, 有助于了解环境多样性在生物多样性中的作用。

Abstract

Environmental stimuli play a key role in the survival and evolution of wild animals. Cell receptors that assist in perception, including touch and temperature, reflect biodiversity. Merkel cells (MCs) are impor-tant sensory cells in touch-sensitive areas of vertebrates. Herein, literature research and data statistics were used to investigate the distribution of MCs with the help of PubMed, ScienceDirect and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The results showed that MCs had been observed in 77 species within 6 ani-mal classes including Mammalia, Amphibia, Aves, Reptilia, Cyclostomata and Actinopteri. The histopatholo-gical studies of MCs mainly focused on Mammalia, which accounted for 50% and mainly included human, monkey, rat, mouse, dog, cat, pig and rabbit, then followed by Amphibia and Actinopteri. In tissues and organs, MCs were found to be distributed in nose/vibrissae in 33 species, which accounted for 40%, suggesting that the nose and vibrissae are important parts for animals, especially wild animals, to perceive external mecha-nical stimuli. MCs were also studied in palate, perioral area, fingers/palms of hands/feet, lip, tongue, dorsal skin, gingiva, limbs, abdomen skin, eyes, cheeks, gills and other touch-sensitive sites of many species. Sys-tematically summarizing the distribution of MCs found in known species and studying the distribution of MCs in different species would be helpful to understand the role of environmental diversity in biodiversity.

关键词

生物多样性 / 机械力刺激 / 默克尔细胞 / 组织分布 / 表皮

Key words

biodiversity / mechanical stimulation / Merkel cell / tissue distribution / epidermis