The 3-degrees of freedom (DOF) helicopter has three typical features: nonlinearity, underactuation, and suffering from uncertainties and external disturbances. It has received much attention from well-known research groups, owing to its convivence for the verification of motion planning and robust control. However, the lack of accurate models for motion and actuator dynamics leading to the limitation for the motion planning and control algorithms. Motivated by this fact, we study the model of a 3-DOF helicopter platform as a multi-rigid-body system, which is equipped with low-precision encoders for attitude measurements. The detailed work includes: ① modelling the dynamics for three bodies respectively; ② identifying the parameters of the multi-channel motion as well as the parameters of the motor-propeller lifting component; ③ linearizing and analyzing the nonlinear model; ④ verifying both the nonlinear and linearized models. Finally, a benchmark model for the platform is obtained, by which, the model-based controller can be designed. Some experiments are designed to show the completeness and high-accuracy of the benchmark model. Two “feedforward + linear quadratic regulator (LQR)-based feedback” controllers for the angular trajectory tracking are designed based on the identified model and implemented on the experimental setup, where the tracking performance of these controllers can be benchmarked against other advanced algorithms.
以升降通道为例,在设计辨识实验时,期望平衡杆bc抬平且保持偏航角和俯仰角为0。对该平衡位置进行模型解算,得到实验所需升力。参数辨识需要保证方程中所有状态均已知,但固高直升机编码设备的局限性导致其无法直接测得角速度和角加速度值,这里采用文献[20]中改进的龙伯格状态观测器(Luenberger state observer,LSO)得到角速度率的估计值,利用差分和平滑处理得到角加速度估计。模型参数的辨识采用MATLAB曲线拟合工具箱的非线性最小二乘求解器,该求解器是基于Levenberg-Marquardt法[30]和信赖域反射算法[31]来设计的。3个通道均按照上述升降通道类似的流程进行辨识实验,得到实验数据后按照MATLAB-lsqcurvefit函数对方程(16)进行非线性拟合。
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