Two internal side reactions that have the greatest impact on the battery aging mode are introduced. The negative region equation of the traditional pseudo two-dimensional model is improved, and the electrochemical degradation model of lithium-ion batteries is proposed. The response surface analysis method is applied to establish the aging characteristic parameters that can comprehensively describe the degradation of battery performance. A long short-term memory neural network is established to predict the future capacity. The aging characteristic parameters obtained based on the mechanism model and historical capacity retention rate are as the input of the network. Verification results of capacity forecast show that the prediction error is within 2%.
锂离子动力电池的容量衰退轨迹预测从数学角度而言实际上是一个时间序列预测问题[32],假设第i次循环对应的电池容量保持率为,而与上述电池内部老化特征参数体系{,,}密切相关,进而影响第i+1次循环时的老化特征参数体系变为{,,},导致容量保持率发生改变。对于时间序列预测问题,递归神经网络(Recurrent neural network,RNN)历史存储能力较强,可用于具有长期依赖性的时序预测问题。但是,传统的RNN结构难以进行长时间的记忆,存在梯度消失的问题。长短时记忆神经网络(Long short term memory recurrent neural network,LSTM RNN)能够很好地弥补RNN在这方面的缺陷[33]。
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