A new security-oriented cooperative adaptive predictive cruise control (CAPCC) algorithm is presented for connected and automated vehicle (CAV) platoons subject to constraints and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks of predecessors' acceleration. Firstly, using the kinematic characteristics, the acceleration estimator is designed to alleviate the effect of DoS attacks on cruise controllers. Then the synthetical trajectory signals are designed to flexibly represent various traffic situations of CAV platoons. Secondly, by adopting the receding horizon optimization principle, the secure CAPCC scheme of the vehicle platoon with satisfactions of the safety constraints is formulated in the framework of distributed model predictive control. Moreover, some sufficient conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities are obtained to ensure stability and string stability of the platoon in the presence of safety constraints and the acceleration DoS attacks. Finally, some simulation experiments in representative traffic scenarios verify the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.
CACC系统的无线通信网络开放而脆弱,在车队行驶过程中不可避免地会暴露在恶意网络攻击之下,其中,DoS攻击是一种常见且极具破坏力的网络攻击,会严重威胁网联车队的行驶安全性[9,10]。DoS攻击通过堵塞网络信道或攻击路由协议限制车辆间的信息交互,破坏CACC控制律的计算,危害网联车队的安全性和稳定性,如交通堵塞、队列不稳定和潜在的碰撞。相关文献从系统角度分析DoS攻击对网联车辆队列的影响,如文献[11]全面分析网联车中存在的网络攻击类型,并模拟这些网络攻击对网联车的危害;文献[12]采用SUMO和OMNET++仿真平台对CACC中的DoS攻击进行建模,并验证DoS攻击对网联车队的影响;文献[13]研究了队列命令受到 DoS 攻击期间的网联车队行为,分析了攻击者位置对车队弦稳定性的影响。
DoS 攻击旨在阻塞信道以阻止车辆之间的信息交换,从技术角度来看,攻击者可以通过发射干扰信号实施 DoS 攻击,实现信道的拥塞,进而破坏加速度信号的无线通信。通常,DoS攻击对车队的破坏强度与攻击的持续时间成正相关性。根据无线电传播损耗模型[25],攻击信号的发射功率与接收功率,以及加速度信号的发射功率与接收功率之间的关系如(4)所示:
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