长春地区居民体质量监测管理行为及影响因素分析
Analysis on body weight monitoring management behavior and influencing factors among residents in Changchun area
目的 调查吉林省长春市部分地区居民体质量监测管理行为,分析居民体质量监测管理行为及影响因素,为增强居民体质量监测意识,促进体质量自主管理行为提供依据。 方法 数据来源于2023-2024年长春市部分地区慢性病防控示范区慢性病及其危险因素调查。采用分层随机抽样方法进行抽样设计,根据长春市慢性病防控示范区的行政区划及人口分布,选取6个具有代表性的区县,在每个入选区县内,随机抽取48个社区,调查18岁及以上的常住居民,共计15 604人。采用问卷调查法获取人口学特征、行为危险因素和慢性病患病情况等数据,体格检查采用标准方法测量身高、体质量、腰围和血压等指标。应用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据统计分析。计数资料以频数和百分率表示。组间比较采用χ2检验,采用多因素Logistic回归进行影响因素分析。 结果 长春市部分地区居民体质量测量管理率为82.38%(12 855/15 064),平均1个月内测量1次体质量者百分率为32.36%(5 049/15 064),未测量体质量者百分率为17.62%(2 748/15 064)。多因素分析,男性、分居、丧偶和离婚者为阻碍体质量测量的因素(P<0.000 1),文化程度高、高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、蔬菜、水果为主、使用限盐勺、限油壶、腰围尺、每周3 d且每天至少30 min及以上的中等强度的运动、认为超重和肥胖与慢性病有关是促进体质量测量的因素(P<0.000 1)。 结论 应持续开展针对性的健康教育活动,提高长春地区居民体质量监测意识及自主管理能力。
Objective To investigate the body weight monitoring management behaviors of residents in some areas of Changchun City in Jilin province, and to analyze the weight monitoring management behaviors and influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for enhancing residents’ awareness of weight monitoring and promoting self-management behaviors of weight. Methods The data were derived from the survey on chronic diseases and their risk factors in demonstration areas for chronic disease prevention and control in some areas of Changchun City from 2023 to 2024. A stratified random sampling method was used for sampling design; according to the administrative division and population distribution of the demonstration areas for chronic disease prevention and control in Changchun city, 6 representative districts or counties were selected; within each selected district or county, 48 communities were randomly selected; the permanent residents aged 18 years and above were investigated, with a total of 15 604 persons. Questionnaire survey was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors and prevalence of chronic diseases. Physical examination was performed using standard methods to measure indicators including height, body weight, waist circumference and blood pressure. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Categorical data were expressed as frequencies and percentages. χ2 test was used for comparison between groups; multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The rate of weight measurement management of residents in some areas of Changchun City was 82.38% (12 855/15 064); the percentage of measuring body weight once within one month on average was 32.36% (5 049/15 064); the rate of not measuring body weight was 17.62% (2 748/15 064). The multivariate analysis results showed that male, separated, widowed, and divorced persons were hindering factors for weight measurement (P<0.000 1); higher education level, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, diet mainly composed of vegetables and fruits, use of salt-restriction spoons, oil-restriction cups, and waist circumference tape, moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes per day on 3 days per week, and the belief that overweight and obesity are related to chronic diseases were promoting factors for body weight measurement (P<0.000 1). Conclusion Targeted health education activities should be continuously carried out to enhance the weight monitoring awareness and self-management ability of residents in this city.
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吉林省卫健委卫生健康科技能力提升计划项目(2024A171)
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