外伤致颌面部皮肤软组织挫裂伤并发骨折患者一期骨折复位内固定术的临床效果
王望舒 , 邵英
吉林大学学报(医学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (04) : 1136 -1141.
外伤致颌面部皮肤软组织挫裂伤并发骨折患者一期骨折复位内固定术的临床效果
Clinical efficacy of one-stage fracture reduction and internal fixation in patients with maxillofacial skin and soft tissue contusions and lacerations complicated with fractures caused by trauma
目的 探讨外伤致颌面部皮肤软组织挫裂伤并发骨折患者采用一期骨折复位内固定术的临床效果和可行性,阐明优化开放性颌面部骨折治疗方案的依据。 方法 选取47例开放性颌面部骨折患者作为研究对象。所有患者术前经多科室联合评估或救治,排除颅脑损伤、四肢骨折和脊柱损伤等危及生命的急重症。入院后均在气管插管或气管切开全麻下实施手术,先行外伤创口彻底清创后采用金属内固定物行骨折复位固定。随访6个月,观察患者特加愈合情况和并发症发生情况。 结果 47例患者中,45例患者愈合良好,愈合率达95.7%(45/47);仅2例患者出现并发症,其中1例下颌骨骨折患者术后创口感染,经二次清创后延迟愈合;1例患者口腔内创口不愈合且上颌窦前壁骨折钛板外露,取出固定物后创口修复,原因为二者均存在口腔黏膜创口,可能由于术后患者口腔卫生护理欠佳导致感染。 结论 对于以颌面外伤为主、生命体征稳定、骨折充分暴露且无需额外辅助切口的开放性颌面部骨折患者,创面清洁或经严格清创者一期复位内固定术可实现满意的复位效果,一期手术同时治疗面部外伤及面骨骨折,可有效降低二次手术带来的身体和经济负担,促进面部外形及功能良好恢复。
Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy and feasibility of one-stage fracture reduction and internal fixation in the patients with maxillofacial skin and soft tissue contusions and lacerations complicated with fractures caused by trauma, and to clarify the basis for optimizing the treatment plan for open maxillofacial fractures. Methods A total of 47 patients with open maxillofacial fractures were selected as subjects. All the patients underwent pre-operative multi-departmental joint assessment or treatment to exclude life-threatening emergencies such as craniocerebral, injury limb fracture, and spinal injury. After admission, all the patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. Thorough debridement of the traumatic wound was performed, followed by fracture reduction and fixation using metal internal fixators. The patients were followed up for 6 months to observe the healing situation and the occurrence of complications. Results Among the 47 patients, 45 patients healed well, with a healing rate of 95.7% (45/47); only 2 patients developed complications, including 1 patient with mandibular fracture who developed postoperative wound infection and achieved delayed healing after secondary debridement; 1 patient presented with a non-healing intraoral wound and exposure of the titanium plate for fracture of anterion wall of maxillary sinus, and the wound was repaired after the removal of the fixator. The reason was that both patients had intraoral mucosal wounds, possibly due to poor postoperative oral hygiene care leading to infection. Conclusion For the patients with maxillofacial trauma as the main injury, stable vital signs, fully exposed fractures, without need for additional auxiliary incisions, one-stage reduction and internal fixation can achieve satisfactory reduction results in those with clean wounds or after strict debridement. The one-stage surgery simultaneously treats facial trauma and facial bone fractures, can effectively reduce the physical and economic burden caused by secondary surgery, and promote good recovery of facial appearance and function.
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吉林省科技厅自然科学基金项目(YDZJ202401298ZYTS)
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