基于点云数据的大型复杂空间结构数字孪生施工监测技术
任振洋 , 黄皓铠 , 张国杰 , 易天琦 , 李晨 , 鲁涛 , 查晓雄
建筑钢结构进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (09) : 121 -130.
基于点云数据的大型复杂空间结构数字孪生施工监测技术
Digital Twin Construction Monitoring Technology for Large and Complex Spatial Structures Based on Point Cloud Data
对于大型复杂空间结构具有构件数量多、节点构造复杂等特点,采用传统建模方法存在效率低、计算难度高的问题,难以满足这类大型结构的分析要求。针对该问题,提出了一种基于三维激光扫描技术的大型复杂空间结构数字孪生施工监测方法,并针对大型复杂空间结构的逆向建模技术展开研究。研究过程中,首先借助三维激光扫描技术获取结构点云数据;针对整体点云数据,采用基准点全排列结合ICP算法进行配准处理,并通过统计滤波和体素化方法实现降噪;针对不同截面形式的梁柱,提出采用基于RANSAC算法的中心线拟合方法以提取构件轴线;针对构件的连接节点,提出采用基于近邻点算法的方法进行轴线端点拟合。最后从数字孪生模型的几何精度与有限元分析适用性两方面进行验证。结果表明:基于点云数据构建的数字孪生模型,其精度和有限元结果与BIM设计模型具有高度一致性,这验证了数字孪生技术在几何映射与性能预测方面的精确性,为该技术在施工监测中的应用奠定了基础。
Due to the multitude of components and intricate joint structures in large complex space structures, traditional modeling methods are inefficient and computationally demanding, failing to meet the needs of such extensive structures. To address this problem, a 3D laser scanning-based digital twin method for monitoring large complex space structures is introduced to explore reverse modeling techniques. Initially, 3D laser scanning captures the structural point cloud. The complete dataset is then aligned using a full datum registration and the ICP algorithm, followed by noise reduction through statistical filtering and voxelization. For beams and columns with different cross-sectional forms, the RANSAC-based centerline fitting algorithm is proposed to extract the component axes; for the component connecting joints, the nearest-neighbor-point algorithm is proposed to carry out the axial end point fitting. Finally, the geometric accuracy and finite element analysis of the digital twin model are verified. The results show that the digital twin model based on point cloud data has high consistency with the BIM design model in terms of accuracy and finite element results. This verifies the accuracy of the digital twin technology in geometric mapping and performance prediction, and lays the foundation for the application of this technology in construction monitoring.
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