火焰切割后局部钢材力学性能研究
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Steel Materials in the Local Region Produced by Flame Cutting
当钢结构达到服役年限,或因使用功能调整需拆卸构件时,常采用火焰切割方式完成拆卸。在火焰切割的热作用下,构件热切割面的微观组织结构及力学性能会发生改变,若需将经该方式拆卸的构件再次利用,需对其火焰切割后钢材局部组织和力学性能进行评估。文中对国产Q355B钢材分别开展了手工火焰切割及半自动切割机火焰切割试验,随后对两种切割方式下的热影响区宽度、金相组织进行观察分析,同时对母材和火焰切割热影响区的力学性能开展定量研究。结果表明:20 mm厚的Q355B钢材手工火焰切割后其热影响区宽度约为3.4 mm,半自动切割机火焰切割后其热影响区宽度约为3 mm;两种火焰切割方式对Q355B钢材的屈服强度、抗拉强度无显著影响,但会导致其应力-应变曲线的屈服平台缩短甚至消失;对热影响区Q355B钢材的韧脆转变温度几乎无影响,韧脆转变区略有减小,上、下平台吸收能均有小幅度提升,裂纹尖端张开位移(crack tip opening displacement, CTOD)特征值基本无变化。由此可知,经火焰切割的钢材其力学性能无显著下降,且具备较强的可再利用性,本研究为该类钢材火焰切割后的再利用提供了数据支撑。
Flame cutting is often used to complete the process when the steel structures reach their service life or when need to be disassembled due to the change of use function. Under the influence of flame cutting heat, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the thermally cut surface will be changed. If the disassembled components by flame cutting are used again, it is necessary to evaluate the local microstructure and mechanical properties after flame cutting. In this study, after manual flame cutting and semi-automatic cutting machine flame cutting, the heat-affected zone width and metallographic structure of domestically produced Q355B steel were observed and analyzed. Quantitative research was also conducted on the mechanical properties of the base metal and the heat-affected zone. The results show that the heat-affected zone width after manual flame cutting of 20mm thick Q355B steel is approximately 3.4mm, while it is approximately 3mm after semi-automatic cutting. Both types of flame cutting have insignificant effects on the yield strength and tensile strength of Q355B steel. However, they can shorten or even eliminate the yield plateau of the stress-strain curve. The ductile-brittle transition temperature of the heat-affected zone of Q355B steel is almost unaffected, with a slight reduction in the transition zone and a small increase in energy absorption of the upper and lower platforms. The characteristic value of crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) remains essentially unchanged. This indicates that the mechanical properties of steel after flame cutting do not significantly decrease, demonstrating strong reusability. This study provides data support for the reuse of steel after flame cutting.
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